MATERNITY AND PEDIATRICS 100% QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

MATERNITY AND PEDIATRICS 100% QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GTPAL acronym - CORRECT ANSWERG = Gravidity (number of pregnancies) T = Term (number born after 37 weeks) P = Preterm (number born before 37 weeks) A = Abortions/Miscarriages L = live births (number of living children) A nurse is collecting data from a client who is pregnant with triplets. The client also has a 3-year-old child who was born at 39 weeks gestation. The nurse should document which gravida and para status on this client? - CORRECT ANSWERGravida II, para I Gravida refers to a woman who is or who has been pregnant, regardless of the duration of the pregnancy. Parity (para) is a term that means the number of births after 20 weeks gestation. The nurse notes that the HCP has documented the presence of Goodell's sign. The nurse determines that this sign is indicative of which change that occurs with pregnancy? - CORRECT ANSWERA softening of the cervix This occurs during the early weeks of pregnancy. The cervix becomes softer as a result of pelvic vasoconstriction. This is found during the pelvic exam. A primipara is being evaluated in the clinic during her second trimester of pregnancy. Which of the following would indicate an abnormal physical finding that necessitates further testing? - CORRECT ANSWERFetal heart rate of 180 beats per minute The FHR depends on the gestational age. It it 160 to 170 bpm during the first trimester, and it slows with fetal growth to approximately 120 to 160 bpm. A client is currently 28 weeks gestation. At her prior prenatal visit, her fundal height measured 22 cm. The nurse measures the fundal height at this visit in cm and should expect which finding? - CORRECT ANSWER26 cm During the second and third trimesters, the fundal height in cm approximately equals the fetus' age in weeks plus or minus 2 cm. Which are the probable signs of pregnancy that the nurse should note? - CORRECT ANSWER- Ballottement - Chadwick's sign - Uterine enlargement - Braxton Hicks contractions The client is undergoing an amniocentesis at 16 weeks gestation to detect the presence of biochemical or chromosomal abnormalities. Which instructions should the nurse reinforce to the client? - CORRECT ANSWERThe bladder must be full during the exam. Before 20 weeks gestation, the bladder must be kept full to support the weight of the uterus. A contraction stress test is scheduled for the client. The woman asks the nurse about the test. Which response describes the most accurate description of the test? - CORRECT ANSWER"The uterus is stimulated to contract by either small amounts of oxytocin or by nipple stimulation." A contraction stress test assesses placental oxygenation and function and determines the fetus's ability to tolerate labor, as well as its well-being. The nurse is talking to a pregnant client with HIV infection regarding care for the newborn after delivery. The client asks the nurse about the feeding options that are available. Which response should the nurse make to the client? - CORRECT ANSWER"You will need to bottle-feed your newborn." Transmission of HIV can occur in the postpartum period if the mother is breastfeeding. Clients who have HIV are advised not to breastfeed. During a prenatal visit, the nurse is explaining dietary management to a client with DM. The nurse determine that the teaching has been effective when the client makes which statement? - CORRECT ANSWER"I need to increase the fiber in my diet to control my blood glucose and prevent constipation." A client in her second trimester complains of frequent low back pain and ankle edema at the end of the day. The nurse should recommend which measure to help relieve both discomforts? - CORRECT ANSWERLie on the floor with the legs elevated onto a couch or padded chair, with the hips and knees at a right angle. This position will produce the posture of the pelvic tilt while countering gravity as the force that leads to the edema of the lower extremities. The nurse is reinforcing instructions to a pregnant client regarding measures to prevent heartburn. The nurse should instruct the client to take which best measure? - CORRECT ANSWERDrink decaffeinated coffee and tea Caffeine may cause heartburn and needs to be avoided. The nurse is monitoring a client with mild gestational hypertension. Which data indicate that GH is a concern? - CORRECT ANSWERThe client complains of a headache and blurred vision. These are symptoms of the worsening of the GH and is a concern that needs to be reported. The nurse should check the client for which signs of preeclampsia? - CORRECT ANSWER- Proteinuria - Hypertension The nurse is assigned to care for a client who is in early labor. When collecting data from the client, which should the nurse check first? - CORRECT ANSWERBaseline FHR Which information should the nurse provide to the client about Leopold's maneuvers? - CORRECT ANSWERThe maneuvers are a systematic method for palpating the fetus through the maternal abdominal wall. To decrease the incidence of supine hypotension, the nurse should encourage the client to remain in which position? - CORRECT ANSWERSide-lying Pressure from the enlarged uterus on the aorta and the vena cava when the woman is supine can result in hypotension. A primigravida's membranes rupture spontaneously. Which action should the nurse take first? - CORRECT ANSWERDetermine the FHR The nurse immediately assesses the FHR to detect change associated with prolapse or the compression of the umbilical cord. Which findings indicate to the nurse that placental separation has occured? (SATA) - Lengthening of umbilical cord - Sudden trickle or spurt of blood - Fundus is boggy following separation - Change from globular to discoid shape - Fetal membranes are seen at the introitus - CORRECT ANSWER- Lengthening of the umbilical cord - Sudden trickle or spurt of blood - Fetal membranes are seen at the introitus As the placenta separates, it settles downward into the lower uterine segment. A pregnant client is 9 cm dilated and is experiencing precipitous labor. Which is the priority nursing action? - CORRECT ANSWERKeep the client in a side-lying position Precipitous labor progresses quickly, with frequent contractions and short periods of relaxation between them. This does not allow for the maximal reperfusion of the placenta with oxygenated blood. Priority care includes the promotion of fetal oxygenation, maintaining a side-lying position can assist with providing blood flow to the uterus. The client is admitted to the labor suite complaining of painless vaginal bleeding. The nurse assists with the exam, knowing that which routine labor procedure is contraindicated? - CORRECT ANSWERA manual pelvic exam Painless vaginal bleeding is a sign of possible placenta previa. A manual pelvic exam is contraindicated because it can lead to maternal and fetal hemorrhage.