Pharm HESI - Evolve Review And HESI Practice Test
Questions UPDATED 2022 A+ GUARANTEED
OVER 300 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What should you avoid with anticholingergics?
hot and humid weather
S/S of medication in Parkinson's
increased HR/body temp, hallucinations
Benztropine
-for parkinsonism
-s/e: absent bowel sound (possible ileus), dry mouth, mydriasis
What should you administer for anticholinergic syndrome?
physostigmine salicylate
What should you monitor with dicyclomine?
GI motility
Atropine s/e
dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention
Cholinergic agonists
-dont sit upright rapidly
-monitor BP
Bethanechol (cholinergic)
-for neurogenic bladder
-contraindication: asthma
-monitor: bronchospasm, tachycardia, seizure, upset GI
Pilocarpine (cholinergic)
-for glaucoma
-apply gentle pressure to nasolacrimal site after administration
,Metoclopramide (antiemetic)
success indicated by decreased n/v
What do beta1 receptor blockers do?
decrease HR, conduction, contractility, and lower pulse
Sotalol (BB, Antidysrhythmic)
only available orally
Side effects of BB
dizziness, bradycardia, hypotension
Esmolol (BB, anti-arrhythmic)
for supraventricular tachydysrhythmias
Atenolol (BB)
for hypertension
Propranolol (BB)
for hypertension, blocks b1/2 receptors
Adrenergic agents
-increased HR, contractility, and conductivity
-contraindication: severe hypertension
What should you monitor first with adrenergic agonists?
BP
Midodrine (alpha 1 agonist)
-for orthostatic hypotension
-take BP frequently
Phentolamine (alpha agnoist)
-for hypertension
-given SC
-dopamine extravasation
S/E of adrenergic agonists
tremors, dizziness, palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension
Caverdilol (adrenergic agonist)
for heart failure, angina, and hypertension
,What does increased body fat in older adults lead to?
increased drug storage, reduced elimination and prolonged period of action
What calcium is preferred for older adults?
calcium citrate
What decreases with age?
renal excretion
What is an indicator of potential drug toxicity with older adults?
confusion
What is the percentage of total body water reduction in older adults?
10-15%
How should you administer medications to older patients?
start low, go slow
What might help elderly patients take medications?
memory aids, pill organizers, and alarms
The drug life is ________ in older patients
lengthened
What is reduced in older adults?
metabolism
Where does metabolism occur in?
liver
When does GI microbial colonization reach adult levels?
adolescence
At what age does that intestinal surface match an adults?
20 weeks
When does gastric emptying and GI motility approach that of an adults'?
6-8 months
At 12 months old,
hepatic blood flow matches and adult
Echinacea
, for common cold
Valerian
-for insomnia and anxiety
-may use for 4-6 weeks
Chamomile
-for stomach problems
-allergy to ragweed = allergy to chamomile
-interferes w/ anticoagulants
Ginkgo
Alzheimer's
Liniment
medicinal topical, lotion
Hawthorn
hypertension and edema
Aminphylline-theophylline
for asthma exacerbation
Albuterol
for acute asthma attack
Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor
for COPD
Salmeterol
adrenergic for asthma control
Tiotropium
-anticholinergic
-relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi
-blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors
Theyophylline
increases likelihood of digitalis toxicity
Prednisone
Corticosteroid
for asthma patients
Questions UPDATED 2022 A+ GUARANTEED
OVER 300 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What should you avoid with anticholingergics?
hot and humid weather
S/S of medication in Parkinson's
increased HR/body temp, hallucinations
Benztropine
-for parkinsonism
-s/e: absent bowel sound (possible ileus), dry mouth, mydriasis
What should you administer for anticholinergic syndrome?
physostigmine salicylate
What should you monitor with dicyclomine?
GI motility
Atropine s/e
dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention
Cholinergic agonists
-dont sit upright rapidly
-monitor BP
Bethanechol (cholinergic)
-for neurogenic bladder
-contraindication: asthma
-monitor: bronchospasm, tachycardia, seizure, upset GI
Pilocarpine (cholinergic)
-for glaucoma
-apply gentle pressure to nasolacrimal site after administration
,Metoclopramide (antiemetic)
success indicated by decreased n/v
What do beta1 receptor blockers do?
decrease HR, conduction, contractility, and lower pulse
Sotalol (BB, Antidysrhythmic)
only available orally
Side effects of BB
dizziness, bradycardia, hypotension
Esmolol (BB, anti-arrhythmic)
for supraventricular tachydysrhythmias
Atenolol (BB)
for hypertension
Propranolol (BB)
for hypertension, blocks b1/2 receptors
Adrenergic agents
-increased HR, contractility, and conductivity
-contraindication: severe hypertension
What should you monitor first with adrenergic agonists?
BP
Midodrine (alpha 1 agonist)
-for orthostatic hypotension
-take BP frequently
Phentolamine (alpha agnoist)
-for hypertension
-given SC
-dopamine extravasation
S/E of adrenergic agonists
tremors, dizziness, palpitations, tachycardia, hypertension
Caverdilol (adrenergic agonist)
for heart failure, angina, and hypertension
,What does increased body fat in older adults lead to?
increased drug storage, reduced elimination and prolonged period of action
What calcium is preferred for older adults?
calcium citrate
What decreases with age?
renal excretion
What is an indicator of potential drug toxicity with older adults?
confusion
What is the percentage of total body water reduction in older adults?
10-15%
How should you administer medications to older patients?
start low, go slow
What might help elderly patients take medications?
memory aids, pill organizers, and alarms
The drug life is ________ in older patients
lengthened
What is reduced in older adults?
metabolism
Where does metabolism occur in?
liver
When does GI microbial colonization reach adult levels?
adolescence
At what age does that intestinal surface match an adults?
20 weeks
When does gastric emptying and GI motility approach that of an adults'?
6-8 months
At 12 months old,
hepatic blood flow matches and adult
Echinacea
, for common cold
Valerian
-for insomnia and anxiety
-may use for 4-6 weeks
Chamomile
-for stomach problems
-allergy to ragweed = allergy to chamomile
-interferes w/ anticoagulants
Ginkgo
Alzheimer's
Liniment
medicinal topical, lotion
Hawthorn
hypertension and edema
Aminphylline-theophylline
for asthma exacerbation
Albuterol
for acute asthma attack
Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor
for COPD
Salmeterol
adrenergic for asthma control
Tiotropium
-anticholinergic
-relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi
-blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors
Theyophylline
increases likelihood of digitalis toxicity
Prednisone
Corticosteroid
for asthma patients
