Esthetics Oregon State Board Exam Study Guide Eraborated Questions And Answers

Esthetics Oregon State Board Exam Study Guide Eraborated Questions And Answers Melan production is stimulated by - exposure to sunlight and protects the cells below by absorbing and blocking UV radiation pheomelanin - a type of melanin that is red to yellow in color produced by people with light colored skin eumelanin - a type of melanin that is dark brown to black produced by people with dark colored skin Primary lesions - Lesions in the early stages of development or change, primary lesions are characterized by flat nonpalpable changes in the skin color or by elevations formed by fluid in a cavity, such as vesicles or pustules. Bulla - A large blister containing watery fluid. Cyst - A closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin. Papule - A small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid, but may develop into a pustule. Pustule - An inflamed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus, a fluid consisting of white blood cells, bacteria, and other debris; a small pus-containing blister that may or may not be caused by an infection. Acne pustules in hair follicles are not infectious. Wheal - Hives and mosquito bites are wheals. Hives are called urticaria and can also be caused by exposure to allergens used in products. Secondary lesions - develop in the later stages of disease and change the structure of tissues and organs Excoriation - A skin sore or abrasion produced by scratching or scraping. Acne excoriee - A disorder where client purposely scrape off acne lesions, causing scarring and discoloration. Keloid - A thick scar resulting from excessive growth of fibrous tissue. Keloids are usually found in those that are genetically predisposed to them and may occur following an injury or surgery. Scar - Discolored, slightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed. The tissue hardens to heal the injury. Thick, elevated scars are hypertrophic. Acne - A chronic inflammatory skin disorder of the sebaceous glands characterized by comedones and blemishes. Comedo - A noninflamed buildup of cells, sebum, and other debris inside follicles. Open comedo - A blackhead open at the surface and exposed to air. When the follicle is filled with an excess of oil a blackhead forms. It is dark because it is exposed to oxygen and oxidation occurs. Closer comedo - Forms when the openings of the follicles are blocked with debris and white cells. Also referred to as a whitehead but should not be confused with the more hardened white type of papules called milia. Furuncle - AKA boil, a subcutaneous abscess filled with pus. Milia - The epidermal cysts are small, firm, white papules. Milia are whitish, pearl like masses of sebum and dead cells under the skin with no visible openings often mistakenly called whiteheads. Seborrhea - Severe oiliness of the skin Bromhidrosis - Foul smelling perspiration usually in the armpits or on the feet. Dermatitis - An inflammatory condition of the skin; various forms include lesions such as eczema, vesicles or papules. The 3 main categories of dermatitis are atopic, contact, and seborrheic. Contact dermatitis - An inflammatory skin condition caused by an allergic reaction from contact with a substance or chemical. Allergies to red dyes in products and nickel in jewelry are - common. Eczema - An inflammatory, painful, itching disease of the skin; acute or chronic in nature, with dry or moist lesions. This should be referred to a physician. Avoid contact and skin care treatments if a client has eczema. Folliculitis - Hair grows under the surface instead of growing up and out of the follicle, causing a bacterial infection. These ingrown hairs are common in men, usually from shaving. Pseudofolliculitis - AKA razor bumps, resembles folliculitis without infection or pus. Psoriasis - An itchy skin disease characterized by red patches covered with white-silver scales; caused by over-proliferation of skin cells that replicate too fast. Rosacea - Inflammation of the skin characterized by extreme redness, dilation of blood vessels, and in severe cases the formation of papules and pustules. Vasodilation - (vascular dilation) of the blood vessels make rosacea worse. Spicy foods, alcohol, caffeine, temperature extremes, heat, sun, and stress aggravate rosacea. Telangiectasia - A vascular lesion; describes capillaries that have been damaged and are now larger or distended blood vessels. Commonly called couperose skin is characterized by redness Sun exposure is the biggest external cause of - pigmentation disorders and can make existing pigmentation disorders worse. Hyperpigmentation - Overproduction of pigment Hypopigmentation - Lack of pigment Melasma - Hyperpigmentation triggered by hormonal changes often during pregnancy or with birth control use Pregnancy mask - A condition where brown pigmentation appears on the face during pregnancy. Usually fades overtime, but worsens with sun exposure. Verruca - Wart Keratosis - Abnormally thick buildup of skin cells. Tinea Corporis - Ringworm How often are exams recommended to check for cancerous lesions? - Annual exams (aka yearly) What percent of skin cancer is caused by sun exposure? - 90% Basal cell carcinoma - The most common and least severe type of carcinoma. Typical characteristics include open sores, reddish patches, or a smooth growth with an elevated border. Squamous cell carcinoma - A more serious condition than basal cell carcinoma. It is characterized by red or pink scaly papules or nodules. Squamous cell carcinoma can grow and spread to other areas of the body. Malignant melanoma - The most serious form of skin cancer. Black or dark patches on the skin are usually uneven in texture, jagged, or raised. It's more deadly because it can spread throughout the body and to internal organs via the lymphatics and blood stream. Caucasians who have a tendency to burn are more susceptible to skin cancer Causes of acne: - Genetics/hereditary, clogged follicles, bacteria, triggers include hormones, stress, cosmetics, skin care products & food Bacterias in the follicles are - anaerobic, this means bacteria cannot live in the presence of oxygen. What can irritate acne? - Excessive iodides in salt, MSG, kelp, cheese, processed and packaged foods Grades of acne - Grade 1- minor breakouts, mostly open comedones, some closed comedones, and a few papules. Grade 2- many closed comedones, more open comedones, and occasional papules and pustules. Grade 3- red and inflamed, many comedones, papules, and pustules. Grade 4- cystic acne, cysts with comedones, papules, pustules and inflammation are present. Scar formation from tissue damage is common Accutane - Can cause severe dryness, birth defects, other health problems, possible depression Retin-A - Very drying, causes redness and irritation; photosensitivity The epidermis - Is the outermost layer of the skin. It is a thin protective covering with many nerve endings. Composed of five layers called strata. The uppermost surface layer is the stratum corneum, followed by the stratum spinosum; the bottom layer is the stratum germinativum (the basal layer) Stratum corneum - (Horny layer) top, outermost layer of the epidermis. The average cell turn over rate is - 28 days depending on the persons age, lifestyle and health Stratum granulosum - Granular layer, is composed of cells that resemble granules and are filled with keratin The stratum germinativum - AKA basal cell layer is located above the dermis, composed of a single layer of basal cell laying on a basement membrane The dermis - Also called the derma, corium, cutis, or true skin is the supportive layer of connective tissues below the epidermis How much thicker is the dermis than the epidermis? - 25 times thicker Lymph vessels - Remove waste products, bacteria, and excess water The papillary layer - Connects the dermis to t