MCB 3023 Fall 2018 Final Exam Graded A

The development of which vaccine would most dramatically reduce death rates in sub-Saharan Africa? - malari Phospholipid structure in archaeal cells suggest relatedness to : - no other life forms; their structure is unique Eukaryal life forms without mitochondria do exist. Which of the following do you think they are likely to be? - single celled protists Which of theses gene products appears to confer a survival advantage on bacteria living in a competitive environment? - TonB dependent receptor What is the major difference between the strategies of Caulobacter and Proteus in nutrient acquisition? - Caulobacter increases its own cell surface area while Proteus covers more nutrient-containing surface area to improve nutrient absorption A restriction endonuclease cuts DNA at the sequence ACGT. If we assume that all four bases are equally represented in DNA, what are the odds of this sequence occurring on a DNA strand? - roughly every 250 base pairs What is the slime-mold Dictyostelium discoideum commonly used to study? - evolution of multi-cellularity The signaling substance used to direct the aggregation of cells during the Dictyostelium growth cycle indicates: - low levels of nutrients have led to an energy shortage Measuring plaque-forming units (PFT) has the advantage over direct virus count methods because it informs on: - infectivity Which medium is used to obtain maximum yield of any pure culture? - nutrient-rich general purpose To eliminate all bacteria by filtration, what is the maximum pore size that will be effective? - 0.1 um The initiation of translation in bacteria starts with the binding of the ribosome to the mRNA bacteria. The normal binding site is nearer the ___ end of the mRNA molecule and is called the ___. - 5' end: Shine-Dalgarno Sequence Which of these is a term for a point mutation that results in a change in the amino acid specificity of the codon and the synthesized polypeptide? - missense How do nucleotides connect to adjacent nucleotides in the Watson-Crick Model of DNA? - Via a covalent bond between 3'OH of one nucleotide and the 5' phosphate of the other What is considered a bacterial strain's genome: - chromosome, plasmids and lysogenic phage DNA The process of molecular cloning, i.e. the targeted preparation of DNA fragments for insertion into plasmids requires which of these? - restriction enzymes The process of molecular cloning was mainly brought about through the discover of these - restriction enzymes What is a proteome? - The translational products encoded for by the genes within a genome What is transcriptiome? - The transcripts encoded for by the genes within a genome Suppose it is observed that a small section of a microorganism's chromosome varies significantly in GC content from the majority of the chromosome. What likely caused this? - horizontal gene transfer What are paralogs? - genes that arise from a duplication event in an organism Which carbon reservoir is most actively cycled? - atmosphere What is studied in the field of epidemiology? - the spread patterns of all diseases Bacteria can 'steal' iron from host cells through their production of - siderophores The study of microbiology includes all of the following EXCEPT: - plants Which best describes the chemical structure of the Bacteria domain cytoplasmic membrane? - a bilayer of phospholipids Which of these are fossilized in microbial mats containing photosynthetic bacteria? - stromatolites The size and shapes of archaeal cells suggest relatedness to: - bacteria What is the role of the ParM protein in bacteria? - to segregate plasmid to each cell during cell division What conditions must exist for an "active transport system" to transport nutrients into a cell? - Some form of cellular energy is required for proper transport