Fundamentals of Firefighter Skills 3rd Edition Study Guide Questions with correct Answers
Atom - ANSWER-The smallest particle of an element, which can exist alone or in combination.
Backdraft - ANSWER-The sudden explosive ignition of fire gases when oxygen is introduced into a superheated space previously deprived of oxygen.
Black fire - ANSWER-A hot, high-volume, high-velocity, turbulent, ultra-dense black smoke that indicates an impending flashover or autoignition.
Boiling liquid, expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) - ANSWER-An explosion that occurs
when a tank containing a volatile liquid is heated.
Chemical energy - ANSWER-Energy that is created or released by the combination or decomposition of chemical compounds.
Class A fires - ANSWER-Fires involving ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics.
Class B fires - ANSWER-Fires involving flammable and combustible liquids, oils, greases, tars, oil-based paints, lacquers, and flammable gases.
Class C fires - ANSWER-Fires involving energized electrical equipment where the electrical conductivity of the extinguishing media is of importance.
Class D fires - ANSWER-Fires involving combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, and potassium.
Class K fires - ANSWER-Fires involving combustible cooking media such as vegetable oils, animal oils, and fats. Combustion - ANSWER-A chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or flames.
Conduction - ANSWER-Heat transfer to another body or within a body by direct contact.
Convection - ANSWER-Heat transfer by circulation within a medium such as a gas or a liquid.
Decay phase - ANSWER-The phase of fire development in which the fire has consumed
either the available fuel or oxygen and is starting to die down.
Electrical energy - ANSWER-Heat that is produced by electricity.
Endothermic - ANSWER-Reactions that absorb heat or require heat to be added.
Exothermic - ANSWER-Reactions that result in the release of energy in the form of heat.
Fire - ANSWER-A rapid, persistent chemical reaction that releases both heat and light.
Fire tetrahedron - ANSWER-A geometric shape used to depict the four components required for a fire to occur: fuel, oxygen, heat, and chemical chain reactions.
Fire triangle - ANSWER-A geometric shape used to depict the three components of which a fire is composed: fuel, oxygen, and heat
Flame point (fire point) - ANSWER-The lowest temperature at which a substance releases enough vapors to ignite and sustain combustion.
Flameover (rollover) - ANSWER-A condition in which unburned products of combustion from a fire have accumulated in the ceiling layer of gas to a sufficient concentration (i.e.,
at or above the lower flammable limit) such that they ignite momentarily. Flammability limits - ANSWER-The upper and lower concentration limits (at a specified temperature and pressure) of a flammable gas or vapor in air that can be ignited, expressed as a percentage of the fuel by volume.
Flashover - ANSWER-The condition in which all combustibles in a room or confined space have been heated to the point at which they release vapors that will support combustion, causing all combustibles to ignite simultaneously.
Fuel - ANSWER-All combustible materials. The actual material that is being consumed by a fire, allowing the fire to take place.
Fully developed phase - ANSWER-The phase of fire development in which the fire is free-burning and consuming much of the fuel.
Gas - ANSWER-One of the three phases of matter. A substance that will expand indefinitely and assume the shape of the container that holds it.
Growth phase - ANSWER-The phase of fire development in which the fire is spreading beyond the point of origin and beginning to involve other fuels in the immediate area.
Ignition phase - ANSWER-The phase of fire development in which the fire is limited to the immediate point of origin.
Ignition temperature - ANSWER-The minimum temperature at which a fuel, when heated, will ignite in air and continue to burn.
Laminar smoke flow - ANSWER-Smooth or streamlined movement of smoke. It indicates that the pressure in the building is not excessively high.
Lower flammable limit (LFL) - ANSWER-The minimum amount of gaseous fuel that must be present in the air for the air/fuel mixture to be flammable or explosive. Matter - ANSWER-Made up of atoms and molecules.
Mechanical energy - ANSWER-Heat that is created by friction.
Oxidation - ANSWER-A chemical reaction initiated by combining an element with oxygen, resulting in the formation of the element or one of its compounds.
Plume - ANSWER-The column of hot gases, flames, and smoke that rises above a fire. Also called a convection column, thermal updraft, or thermal column.
Pyrolysis - ANSWER-The chemical decomposition of a compound into one or more substances by heat alone. This often precedes combustion
Radiation - ANSWER-The combined process of emission, transmission, and absorption of energy traveling by electromagnetic wave propagation between a region of higher temperature and a region of lower temperature.
Smoke - ANSWER-An airborne particulate product of incomplete combustion that is suspended in gases, vapors, or solid or liquid aerosols.
Smoke color - ANSWER-The attribute of smoke that reflects the stage of burning of a fire.
Smoke density - ANSWER-The thickness of the smoke. Because it has a high mass per
unit volume, smoke is hard to see through.
Smoke velocity - ANSWER-The speed of the smoke leaving a burning building.
Smoke volume - ANSWER-The quantity of smoke, which indicates how much fuel is being heated. - ANSWER-A cylindrical area above a fire in which heated air and gases rise and travel
upward.
Atom - ANSWER-The smallest particle of an element, which can exist alone or in combination.
Backdraft - ANSWER-The sudden explosive ignition of fire gases when oxygen is introduced into a superheated space previously deprived of oxygen.
Black fire - ANSWER-A hot, high-volume, high-velocity, turbulent, ultra-dense black smoke that indicates an impending flashover or autoignition.
Boiling liquid, expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE) - ANSWER-An explosion that occurs
when a tank containing a volatile liquid is heated.
Chemical energy - ANSWER-Energy that is created or released by the combination or decomposition of chemical compounds.
Class A fires - ANSWER-Fires involving ordinary combustible materials such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics.
Class B fires - ANSWER-Fires involving flammable and combustible liquids, oils, greases, tars, oil-based paints, lacquers, and flammable gases.
Class C fires - ANSWER-Fires involving energized electrical equipment where the electrical conductivity of the extinguishing media is of importance.
Class D fires - ANSWER-Fires involving combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, and potassium.
Class K fires - ANSWER-Fires involving combustible cooking media such as vegetable oils, animal oils, and fats. Combustion - ANSWER-A chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or flames.
Conduction - ANSWER-Heat transfer to another body or within a body by direct contact.
Convection - ANSWER-Heat transfer by circulation within a medium such as a gas or a liquid.
Decay phase - ANSWER-The phase of fire development in which the fire has consumed
either the available fuel or oxygen and is starting to die down.
Electrical energy - ANSWER-Heat that is produced by electricity.
Endothermic - ANSWER-Reactions that absorb heat or require heat to be added.
Exothermic - ANSWER-Reactions that result in the release of energy in the form of heat.
Fire - ANSWER-A rapid, persistent chemical reaction that releases both heat and light.
Fire tetrahedron - ANSWER-A geometric shape used to depict the four components required for a fire to occur: fuel, oxygen, heat, and chemical chain reactions.
Fire triangle - ANSWER-A geometric shape used to depict the three components of which a fire is composed: fuel, oxygen, and heat
Flame point (fire point) - ANSWER-The lowest temperature at which a substance releases enough vapors to ignite and sustain combustion.
Flameover (rollover) - ANSWER-A condition in which unburned products of combustion from a fire have accumulated in the ceiling layer of gas to a sufficient concentration (i.e.,
at or above the lower flammable limit) such that they ignite momentarily. Flammability limits - ANSWER-The upper and lower concentration limits (at a specified temperature and pressure) of a flammable gas or vapor in air that can be ignited, expressed as a percentage of the fuel by volume.
Flashover - ANSWER-The condition in which all combustibles in a room or confined space have been heated to the point at which they release vapors that will support combustion, causing all combustibles to ignite simultaneously.
Fuel - ANSWER-All combustible materials. The actual material that is being consumed by a fire, allowing the fire to take place.
Fully developed phase - ANSWER-The phase of fire development in which the fire is free-burning and consuming much of the fuel.
Gas - ANSWER-One of the three phases of matter. A substance that will expand indefinitely and assume the shape of the container that holds it.
Growth phase - ANSWER-The phase of fire development in which the fire is spreading beyond the point of origin and beginning to involve other fuels in the immediate area.
Ignition phase - ANSWER-The phase of fire development in which the fire is limited to the immediate point of origin.
Ignition temperature - ANSWER-The minimum temperature at which a fuel, when heated, will ignite in air and continue to burn.
Laminar smoke flow - ANSWER-Smooth or streamlined movement of smoke. It indicates that the pressure in the building is not excessively high.
Lower flammable limit (LFL) - ANSWER-The minimum amount of gaseous fuel that must be present in the air for the air/fuel mixture to be flammable or explosive. Matter - ANSWER-Made up of atoms and molecules.
Mechanical energy - ANSWER-Heat that is created by friction.
Oxidation - ANSWER-A chemical reaction initiated by combining an element with oxygen, resulting in the formation of the element or one of its compounds.
Plume - ANSWER-The column of hot gases, flames, and smoke that rises above a fire. Also called a convection column, thermal updraft, or thermal column.
Pyrolysis - ANSWER-The chemical decomposition of a compound into one or more substances by heat alone. This often precedes combustion
Radiation - ANSWER-The combined process of emission, transmission, and absorption of energy traveling by electromagnetic wave propagation between a region of higher temperature and a region of lower temperature.
Smoke - ANSWER-An airborne particulate product of incomplete combustion that is suspended in gases, vapors, or solid or liquid aerosols.
Smoke color - ANSWER-The attribute of smoke that reflects the stage of burning of a fire.
Smoke density - ANSWER-The thickness of the smoke. Because it has a high mass per
unit volume, smoke is hard to see through.
Smoke velocity - ANSWER-The speed of the smoke leaving a burning building.
Smoke volume - ANSWER-The quantity of smoke, which indicates how much fuel is being heated. - ANSWER-A cylindrical area above a fire in which heated air and gases rise and travel
upward.
