Pathophysiology Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives 2nd Edition Capriotti Test Bank

I. The Cell 1. The Cell in Health and Illness 2. Cellular Injury, Adaptations, and Maladaptive Changes 3. Genetic Basis of Disease II. Integrated Body Processes 4. Stress, Exercise, and Immobility 5. Obesity and Nutritional Imbalances 6. Pain III. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis 7. Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances 8. Acid-Base Imbalances IV. Infection and Inflammation 9. Inflammation and Dysfunctional Wound Healing 10. Infectious Diseases 11. Disorders of the Immune System V. Hematologic Disorders 12. Disorders of White Blood Cells 13. Disorders of Red Blood Cells 14. Disorders of Platelets, Hemostasis, and Coagulation VI. Disorders of Cardiovascular Function 15. Arterial Disorders 16. Ischemic Heart Disease and Conduction Disorders 17. Heart Failure 18. Valvular Heart Disease 19. Disorders of the Venous System VII. Pulmonary Disorders 20. Respiratory Inflammation and Infection 21. Restrictive and Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders VIII. Renal and Urological Disorders 22. Renal Disorders 23. Urological Disorders IX. Hormonal and Reproductive Disorders 24. Endocrine Disorders 25. Diabetes Mellitus and the Metabolic Syndrome 26. Disorders of the Female Reproductive System 27. Disorders of the Male Reproductive System 28. Sexually Transmitted Infections X. Gastrointestinal Disorders 29. Disorders of the Esophagus, Stomach, and Small Intestine 30. Common Disorders of the Large Intestine 31. Infection, Inflammation, and Cirrhosis of the Liver 32. Gallbladder, Pancreatic, and Bile Duct Dysfunction XI. Neurological Disorders 33. Cerebrovascular Disorders 34. Chronic and Degenerative Neurological Disorders 35. Brain and Spinal Cord Injury 36. Psychobiology of Behavioral Disorders XII. Musculoskeletal Disorders 37. Musculoskeletal Trauma 38. Degenerative Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System 39. Infection and Inflammatory Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System XIII. Cancer 40. Cancer XIV. Integumentary Disorders 41. Skin Disorders 42. Burns XV. Sensory Disorders 43. Eye Disorders 44. Ear Disorders XVI. Aging and Multi-System Disorders 45. Pathophysiological Concepts of Aging 46. SIRS, Sepsis, Shock, MODS, and Death Index Chapter 1: The Cell in Health and Illness Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which statement regarding the sodium-potassium pump is correct? 1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions. 2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment. 3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the cell compartment. 4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two potassium ions. 2. What is the process in which glucose is used to create energy? 1. Autolysis 2. Glycolysis 3. Heterolysis 4. None of the above 3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism? 1. 2 2. 3 3. 34 4. None of the above 4. Which cell organelles are believed to have once been self-sustaining and independent? 1. Ribosomes 2. Mitochondria 3. Ribonucleic acid 4. Deoxyribonucleic acid 5. Why is more energy produced when a person is exercising? 1. There is an increase in the synthesis of protein. 2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells. 3. There is an increase in the conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid. 4. There is an increase in the production of mitochondria in the muscle cells. 6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease? 1. During endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress 2. During the synthesis of ATP 3. During severe hypoxic state 4. During the processing of prohormone 7. The cellular organelle responsible for propelling mucous and inhaled debris out of the lungs is 1. cilia. 2. microfilament. 3. secretory vesicle. 4. endoplasmic reticulum. 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells? 1. Actin and myosin 2. Myosin and tubulin 3. Tubulin and actin 4. None of the above 9. Which deficiency causes Tay-Sach’s disease? 1. Proteasome 2. Peroxisome 3. Macrophage 4. Lysosomal enzymes 10. Adrenoleukodystrophy is characterized by 1. Accumulation of ganglioside. 2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis. 3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity. 4. Accumulation of long chain fatty acid s in the nervous system. 11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct? 1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded. 2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations. 3. During ER stress, accumulation of long chain fatty acids occurs in the nervous system. 4. During ER stress, accumulation of non-degraded substances occurs in the cells. 12. Which is referred to as the protein factory of the cell? 1. Ribosome 2. Mitochondria 3. Golgi apparatus 4. Endoplasmic reticulum 13. Which acts as a blue print for the construction of proteins? 1. Transfer RNA 2. Ribosomal RNA 3. Messenger RNA 4. Mitochondrial DNA 14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis as he or she ascends a mountain during a long, steep climb. What is the reason for these symptoms? 1. Cellular hypoxia 2. Autolysis 3. Heterolysis 4. Cellular edema 15. Which factor provides DNA the unique molecular ability to replicate? 1. The precise pairing of the nitrogenous bases 2. The presence of pyrimidines bases 3. The presence of nucleotides 4. The nitrogenous base and phosphate bond 16. How many nitrogenous bases compose a single codon? 1. 2 2. 3 3. 4 4. None of the above 17. The DNA is a polymer of 1. Nucleotides. 2. Amino acids. 3. Fatty acids. 4. Phosphates. 18. What is the function of ribosomal ribonucleic acid during protein synthesis? 1. It transports genetic information from the DNA for protein synthesis. 2. It gathers and joins the amino acids for specific proteins. 3. It is directly involved in the formation of ribosomes. 4. None of the above. 19. Tetracycline antibiotic was given to a 30 year old client with Chlamydia infection. What is the mechanism of action of the drug? 1. It prevents the replication of bacteria. 2. It alters the configuration of bacterial cytoplasm. 3. It interferes with the function of bacterial ribosomes. 4. It inhibits the functions of bacterial mitochondria. 20. Where does the conversion of a prohormone into a hormone take place? 1. Ribosome 2. Golgi apparatus 3. Secretory granule 4. Endoplasmic reticulum 21. Which is the cell’s “master mind”? 1. Nucleus 2. Ribosome 3. Golgi apparatus 4. Endoplasmic reticulum Multiple Response Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question. 22. Which statements regarding the microtubules are true? Select all that apply. 1. Microtubules are solid. 2. Microtubules are flexible. 3. Microtubules are composed of tubulin. 4. Microtubules are called actin filaments. 5. Microtubules comprise of centrioles and mitotic spindle. 23. Which structures are found in microtubules? Select all that apply. 1. Cilia 2. Centrioles 3. Mitotic spindle 4. Actin filaments 5. Secretory vesicles 24. What are the characteristics of ribonucleic acid? Select all that apply. 1. Presence of ribose pentose sugar