AFAA Personal Trainer Certification Study Guide 100% SOLUTION

AFAA Personal Trainer Certification Study Guide 100% SOLUTION Myocardial Infarction - ANSWER Hear attack occurs due to lack of blood flow through the coronary arteries to the heart muscle Ischemia - ANSWER lack of blood flow Stroke Volume - ANSWER the amount of blood pumped with each beat or systole Cardiac Output - ANSWER heart rate x stroke volume. usually measured in liters (or milileters) of blood pumped per minute Venous Return - ANSWER The amount of blood returned to the heart by the veins Valsalva Maneuver - ANSWER occurs when a person holds his or her breath during a strenuous activity, such as lifting weights or shoveling snow Minute Ventilation - ANSWER total amount of air breathed per minute Residual lung volume - ANSWER amount of air remaining in the lungs after a complete and total forced exhale Forced vital capacity - ANSWER amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a maximal inahle Total lung capacity - ANSWER sum of the residual volume and the forced vital capacity Glucose - ANSWER body's usable form of carbohydrate Lactic Acid - ANSWER produced in muscles during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissues Glycolysis - ANSWER a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP Mitochondria - ANSWER a subcellular structure where oxidation takes place Beta oxidation - ANSWER A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to twocarbon fragments that enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl CoA. Krebs cycle - ANSWER the acetyl CoA formed in the first component of aerobic metabolism enters into the citric acid cycle Electron transport system - ANSWER the final sequence of reactions in the aerobic production of ATP Maximal oxygen uptake - ANSWER the maximum amount of oxygen consumed and utilized by the body during an all-out effort to exhaustion Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption - ANSWER additional oxygen consumed immediately after an exercise bout when the body is no longer exercising Sarcomere - ANSWER each section of a myofibril in muscle Actin - ANSWER structural protein that makes up the thin filaments of myofibrils; functions in muscle contraction Anatomical Position - ANSWER standing position with hands down and palms facing forward Supine - ANSWER lying on the spine Prone - ANSWER lying face down Axial Skeleton - ANSWER part of the skeleton that contains skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum Synovial joints - ANSWER have a small space between the articulating bones that allows for a greater range of motion Cartilage - ANSWER a white, semi-opaque, fibrous connective tissue that cushions the joints and prevents wear on the joint surfaces Synovial membrane - ANSWER secretes synovial fluid which provides nourishment, lubrication, and hydrotastic cushioning for the joint Bursae - ANSWER liquid-filled membranes that protect soft tissues as they pass by bony projections Ligament - ANSWER band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone and provides joint stability. Tendon - ANSWER dense, fibrous connective tissue that forms the end of a muscle and attaches muscle to bone Fascia - ANSWER fibrous connective tissue