microbiology semmelweis

What does sterilisation mean? - Answer-Killing procedure of any kind of germs What does disinfection mean? - Answer-Procedure where the number of the germs are reduced to a safety level. Which parameters can influence the effectivity of the sterilisation? - Answer-The number of the germs, the resistance of the germs, the concentration of the disinfectants, the presence of the organic materials, the initial time, the presence of the biofilm. Parameters of the hot-air sterilisation cupboard protocol? - Answer-180°C; 1 hour, 160°C; 2 hours, 140°C; 3 hours. Parameters of the autoclaving? - Answer-+ 1 atm overpressure, 121°C, 20-30 minutes or 134°C, +2 atm overpressure 10 minutes. Chemical agents used for gas sterilisation? - Answer-Etilene oxide, formaldehyde, betapropiolacton The theoretical background of plasma sterilisation? - Answer-Hydrogen-peroxide in high electric field will form plasma stage. The produced free radicals will kill the microbes. At the end of the procedure will be produced water, oxygen and other nontoxic products. Biological method used for checking the effectivity of the sterilisation. - Answer-By Bacillus/Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores. If the procedure was performed in correct way, the spores cannot be cultivated. Detection of the presence of pyrogenic material in drugs? - Answer-LAL test; The blood of the horseshoe crab will coagulate in the presence of the LPS What are the disinfectants? - Answer-Chemical agents used on inanimate/non-living surfaces. What are the antiseptic agents? - Answer-Chemical agents used disinfection on animate (tissue, skin, mucous membrane) surfaces. 2. What does serological reaction mean? - Answer-Reaction based on the antigen-antibody reaction performed in vitro. What does agglutination mean? - Answer-Serological reaction where the antigen is cell mediated. What are the bacterial cell surface antigens? - Answer-O: cell wall, H: flagella, K: capsule