Exam 1 Brain Story Correct Questions And Answers 100%

Exam 1 Brain Story Correct Questions And Answers 100% The brain begins as an embryonic structure called the: a. brain stem b. neocortex c. neural tube d. spinal cord - Neural tube Bain developmental starts shortly after conception. The brain is considered mature around the age of: a. 6 b. 18 c. 25 d. 60 - 25 Different abilities, and their underlying neural circuits, develop in a bottom-up sequence during sensitive periods. Put the following abilities in the correct sequence of development: sensory abilities, motor skills, executive function skills, emotional skills - 1. sensory abilities 2. motor skills 3. emotional skills 4. executive function skills Order the stages of development from greatest plasticity to least plasticity - Early childhood, late childhood, adolesence, adulthood The age at which brain has the most connections between its neurons is: a. 3 b. 6 c. 25 d. 50 - 3 How do experiences shape the developing brain? - They influence which neural connections are strengthened and which are pruned away At what stage of development do negative experiences influence the architecture of the developing brain? - At any stage of development One outcome of addiction in familes is: - Parents without the capacity to parent in healthy ways leads to the intergenerational transmission of toxic stress What is the defining feature of an addicted family? - A system that is structed to protect teh acciction in the family because doing anything else becomes too threatening T or F: Parents of an addicted adolescent will develop their own addiction to protect their childs addiction - False Dr. Goodwine Fisher states that the recovery process creates a constant tension within families. What does she say this is largely due to? - The need to break apart the current family structure so that each member can focus on their individual recovery Why did mainstream psychiatry continue to reject, for many years, the notion that gambling and overeating could be addictive? - bc they do not have a prominent physical withdrawal syndrome Which quality does food have to have in order for it to potentially addictive? a. it needs to taste good b. it needs to contain high-fructose corn syrup c. it needs to contain fat d. all of the above - a. it needs to taste good From a neurobiological perspective, why are behaviors like eating and sex potentially addictive just as drugs of abuse are potentially addictive? a. bc they can evoke a highly sensorial experience b. bc their overuse can cause feelings of shame and guilt c. bc we turn to them to alleviate stress d. bc they produce an increase in dopamine levels in the reward system - d. bc they produce an increase in dopamine levels in the reward system According to Dr. Montgomery, why do people recovering from process addictions like to run yellow lights? - They have not yet learned how to feel normal emotions, so they seek out situations that give them a rush of exhilaration Addiction interaction disorder is characterized by many different patterns of behavior. Which of the folllowing best describes disinhibiting behavior? a. using one substance or behavior to counter the effects of another b. using one substance or behavior to alleviate the withdrawal from another c. using one substance or behavior to lower boundaries to using another d. simultaneous increase in use of 2 substances or behaviors - c. using one substance or behavior to lower boundaries to using another Trauma is at the core of many process and substance addictions, and many people with addictions show particular patterns of trauma reactions. Which of the following best describes trauma splitting? a. dissociating from painful experiences and not integrating them into the self or daily life b. numbing or blocking out residual feelings from the trauma c. dysfunctional attachment to people who are sorces of danger, shame, or exploitation d. repeating beaviors or seeking experiences that recreate the trauma experience - a. dissociating from painful experiences and not integrating them into the self or daily life Which of the following is NOT a parental capacity that is mediated by the executive system? a. self-control b. distress tolerance c. consequence appraisal d. none of the above - d. none of the above What systems are activated when a parent views images of their own baby? - Reward system and Emotional appraisal system Imaging studies have shown grey matter increases in mothers brains from 2-4 weeks to 3-4 months postpartum. What best predicts this increase? The mother (positive/negative) perception of her baby - positive What predicts how much oxytocin a mother releases in response to her own baby? The babys attachment style or the mothers attachment style? - the mothers attachment style Dr. Mayes describes the attachment system as performing what key function for a child? a. personality development b. regulating reward c. regulating stress d. executive functions - regulating stress Substance misuse mothers typically withdraw from their babys distress and show more negative affect and heightened physical provocation in interactions. What is this most likely due to? - A heightened stress response What 2 hormones are involved in iniating our response to stress? - Cortisol and adrenalin Which is a function of cortisols activity during stress? a. increases blood pressure b. increases heart rate c. sends energy to muscles d. shuts down cortisol release - d. shuts down cortisol release Which correctly identify the brain structures involved in mediating our responses to stress? a. prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, pituitary gland b. prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, pituitary gland c. prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, adrenal gland d. prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, accumbens, hypothalamus, pituitary gland - a. prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, pituitary gland Which of the following answers best describes the difference between tolerable and toxic stress in a child? a. tolerable stress is less severe than toxic stress b. toxic stress is more long-lasting than tolerable stress c. toxic stress involves something that physically harms a child but tolerable stress does not d. tolerable stress is buffered by supportive adult relationships but toxic stress is not - d. tolerable stress is buffered by supportive adult relationships but toxic stress is not What is the most common source of childhood toxic stress in western countries? a. physical abuse b. neglect c. maternal depression d. emotional abuse - b. neglect Allostatic changes due to activation of the stress response can produce allostatic load on the body and brain. Which of the following pairs does NOT correctly identify an allostatic change and its corresponding allostatic load? a. increased blood pressure; hypertension b. hypervigilance; anxiety disorders c. increased blood sugar; type 2 diabetes d. silencing of the glucocorticoid receptor gene and glucocorticoid resistance - d. silencing of the glucocorticoid receptor gene and glucocorticoid resistance Early life stress is associated with what physiological change in adulthood? a. increased sensitivity to stress b. increased levels of inflammation c. glococorticoid resistance d. all of the above - d. all of the above