WGU C458 Health, Fitness and Wellness exam with questions and answers 2024

key structures in the skeletal system Bones, joints, cartilage, ligament (bone to bone), tendons (muscle to bone) three types of muscle found in the body Striated muscle (skeletal muscle, moves all bones), smooth muscle (lines the walls of the internal organs), cardiac muscle (both striated and smooth/ only found in the heart) the two main divisions of the nervous system a. Central nervous system: Brain and spinal cord b. Peripheral nervous system: All the nerves outside brain & spinal cord/ relay messages between CNS and other areas of the body. Communicates with sensory organs the structures of the upper and lower respiratory tract Upper: nose, pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box) Lower: trachea (windpipe), bronchial tree and lungs main structures of the cardiovascular system The heart, arteries (blood from heart to body tissues), and veins (oxygen-poor blood to the heart) the pathway of blood through the heart Oxygenated blood enters into the left side of the heart, which pumps it out of the heart through the aorta. Arteries and capillaries deliver the oxygenated blood to the cells in the organs. Veins carry oxygen-poor blood and wastes (carbon dioxide and water) from cells back toward the lungs, where it receives oxygen. main organs of the digestive system Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus major organs of the urinary system Kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra immune system function Also known as the lymphatic system. It defends and protects the body from foreign invaders that can cause sickness and disease. Produces, stores, and carries white blood cells (leukocytes) around the body. It's made up of lymph, lymph nodes, bone marrow, tonsils, adenoids, spleen, and thymus gland. integumentary system Protects from the environment, encloses, lubricates, and regulates body temp. It's made up of skin, hair, and nails. the endocrine system Produces hormones which influence growth, development, and energy-producing activities. The overall function is to keep the body in a state of homeostasis. function of the reproductive system and its main organs and structures Female: vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Male: testis, scrotum, prostate, vas deferens, penis. Cardiorespiratory fitness helps heart and lungs, reduces risk of chronic diseases. Weight control. Reduced risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and some cancers. Reduces blood pressure, improves mood, self-esteem, sleep, and blood cholesterol levels. Muscular strength helps improve muscle strength, posture, ease of movement, and the ability to perform everyday activities. Makes tendons, ligaments, and bones stronger. Muscular Endurance improves heart health, aids in weight loss, improves mood and sleep quality, prevents age- related decline, increases lifespan Flexibility allows muscles to work at their full potential, reduces the risk of injury and pain, and improves posture and balance body composition decreased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. Increased functional ability. A better calorie-burning metabolism throughout the day. A lean and toned body non-REM sleep Stage 1 transitions between wakefulness and sleep. Stage 2 is reached when you are asleep. Stage 3 is called deep sleep or slow-wave sleep. The body needs this stage to feel refreshed in the morning relationship between sleep and health Sleep deficiency is linked to many chronic health problems, including high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, obesity, and depression. strategies for achieving better sleep Set a sleep schedule Exercise 20-30 mins a day but no later than a few hours before bed Avoid caffeine and nicotine late in the day and alcoholic drinks before bed Avoid using digital devices 30 mins before bed Relax before bed Create a room for sleep Don't lie in bed awake See a doctor if having trouble sleeping Carbohydrates provide a quick source of energy that your body uses for your cells, tissues, and organs. Proteins the body needs this from the foods eaten to build and maintain bones, muscles, cartilage, blood, and skin. Fats help the body absorb fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, & K), make hormones and surround nerves needed for growth and development. Provide essential fats that the body cannot make (i.e. Omega-3) and make foods more flavorful, help the body feel fuller. U.S. Dietary Guidelines for a healthy diet. 1: Follow a Healthy Eating Pattern across the Life Span. 2: Focus on Variety, Nutrient Density, and Amount 3: Limit sugars and Saturated Fats and reduce sodium intake. 4: Shift to healthier food and beverage choices. 5: Support healthy eating patterns in all situations. Positive mental health positive and upbeat outlook of the world to be able to realize full potential, cope with the stresses of life, work more productively, and make meaningful contributions to the communities. Mental Illness disorders that disrupt thinking, feeling, moods, and behaviors, and cause a varying degree of impaired functioning in daily life. They are believed to be caused by life events in some cases and by actual biochemical and/or brain dysfunction in others characteristics associated with emotional wellness. Connected, goal oriented, self-aware, flexible, self-caring, responsible, resilient emotional intelligence Being self-aware managing emotions motivating oneself having empathy handling relationships