NRSG 245 Pharmacology Exam 1 questions with
complete solutions
how were most early treatments discovered? CORRECT ANSWER accident
what is aspirin used for? CORRECT ANSWER pain and fever
what is morphine derived from? CORRECT ANSWER poppy juice (opium plant)
what is morphine used for? CORRECT ANSWER pain relief
before released to the public, what must drugs be tested for? CORRECT ANSWER
efficacy and safety
what is a drug? CORRECT ANSWER a chemical that is introduced into the body to cause some kind of change
what is pharmacology? CORRECT ANSWER the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
what is clinical pharmacology? CORRECT ANSWER study of drugs in humans
what is pharmacotherapeutics? CORRECT ANSWER the medical use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease, or to prevent pregnancy
what are the 3 most important properties of an ideal drug? CORRECT ANSWER effectiveness, safety, selectivity what is the most important property of a drug? CORRECT ANSWER effectiveness
name the properties of an ideal drug CORRECT ANSWER -effectiveness
-safety
-selectivity
-reversible action
-predictability
-ease of administration
-freedom from drug interactions
-low cost
-chemical stability
-simple generic name
do "safe" drugs exist? CORRECT ANSWER no, there is no such thing as a safe drug, all drugs can cause harm
is there any such thing as a selective drug? CORRECT ANSWER no, all drugs can
cause side effects
what is the objective of drug therapy? CORRECT ANSWER to provide maximum benefit with minimum harm
What are the 5 rights of medication administration? CORRECT ANSWER -right drug
-right patient
-right dose
-right route -right time
what is the "tall man" system? CORRECT ANSWER a system to mitigate drug errors between medications with similar names
example: hydrALAzine vs. hydrOXYzine
how can errors concerning the "right patient" be mitigated? CORRECT ANSWER scannable drugs labels and armbands
what does PO mean? CORRECT ANSWER by mouth (per os)
what does IV mean? CORRECT ANSWER intravenous
what does IM mean? CORRECT ANSWER intramuscular
what does q24 mean? CORRECT ANSWER once daily
what does BID or q12 mean? CORRECT ANSWER twice daily
what does TID or q8 mean? CORRECT ANSWER three times daily
outside of the "5 rights", what other "rights" need to be included? CORRECT ANSWER -right assessment
-right evaluation
-right documentation -patient's right to education
-patient's right to refusal
Who is the last line of defense against medication errors? CORRECT ANSWER the nurse
name the 8 aspects of drug therapy CORRECT ANSWER -preadministration assessment
-dosage and administration
-promoting therapeutic effects
-minimizing adverse effects
-minimizing adverse interactions
-making PRN decisions
-evaluating responses to medications
-managing toxicity
what does PRN mean? CORRECT ANSWER as needed (pro re nata)
what does all drug therapy begin with? CORRECT ANSWER assessment of the patient
what does the preadministration assessment include? CORRECT ANSWER -
collect baseline data needed to evaluate therapeutic and adverse responses
-identify high risk patients
-assess the patient's capacity for self-care
complete solutions
how were most early treatments discovered? CORRECT ANSWER accident
what is aspirin used for? CORRECT ANSWER pain and fever
what is morphine derived from? CORRECT ANSWER poppy juice (opium plant)
what is morphine used for? CORRECT ANSWER pain relief
before released to the public, what must drugs be tested for? CORRECT ANSWER
efficacy and safety
what is a drug? CORRECT ANSWER a chemical that is introduced into the body to cause some kind of change
what is pharmacology? CORRECT ANSWER the study of drugs and their interactions with living systems
what is clinical pharmacology? CORRECT ANSWER study of drugs in humans
what is pharmacotherapeutics? CORRECT ANSWER the medical use of drugs to diagnose, prevent, or treat disease, or to prevent pregnancy
what are the 3 most important properties of an ideal drug? CORRECT ANSWER effectiveness, safety, selectivity what is the most important property of a drug? CORRECT ANSWER effectiveness
name the properties of an ideal drug CORRECT ANSWER -effectiveness
-safety
-selectivity
-reversible action
-predictability
-ease of administration
-freedom from drug interactions
-low cost
-chemical stability
-simple generic name
do "safe" drugs exist? CORRECT ANSWER no, there is no such thing as a safe drug, all drugs can cause harm
is there any such thing as a selective drug? CORRECT ANSWER no, all drugs can
cause side effects
what is the objective of drug therapy? CORRECT ANSWER to provide maximum benefit with minimum harm
What are the 5 rights of medication administration? CORRECT ANSWER -right drug
-right patient
-right dose
-right route -right time
what is the "tall man" system? CORRECT ANSWER a system to mitigate drug errors between medications with similar names
example: hydrALAzine vs. hydrOXYzine
how can errors concerning the "right patient" be mitigated? CORRECT ANSWER scannable drugs labels and armbands
what does PO mean? CORRECT ANSWER by mouth (per os)
what does IV mean? CORRECT ANSWER intravenous
what does IM mean? CORRECT ANSWER intramuscular
what does q24 mean? CORRECT ANSWER once daily
what does BID or q12 mean? CORRECT ANSWER twice daily
what does TID or q8 mean? CORRECT ANSWER three times daily
outside of the "5 rights", what other "rights" need to be included? CORRECT ANSWER -right assessment
-right evaluation
-right documentation -patient's right to education
-patient's right to refusal
Who is the last line of defense against medication errors? CORRECT ANSWER the nurse
name the 8 aspects of drug therapy CORRECT ANSWER -preadministration assessment
-dosage and administration
-promoting therapeutic effects
-minimizing adverse effects
-minimizing adverse interactions
-making PRN decisions
-evaluating responses to medications
-managing toxicity
what does PRN mean? CORRECT ANSWER as needed (pro re nata)
what does all drug therapy begin with? CORRECT ANSWER assessment of the patient
what does the preadministration assessment include? CORRECT ANSWER -
collect baseline data needed to evaluate therapeutic and adverse responses
-identify high risk patients
-assess the patient's capacity for self-care
