WGU - C458 Health Fitness Wellness - Unit 1 Module 1 exam with questions and answers 2024

Key structures in skeletal system bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments, tendons 4 types of bones long, flat, short, irregular 3 types of joints immovable, slightly movable, freely movable description & location of cartilage tough but flexible covering at bone ends and joints to reduce friction; also shape and support at nose, ears, windpipe 2 types of connective tissue ligaments and tendons ligament function Connects BONE to bone tendon function Connects MUSCLE to bone 3 types of muscle smooth (organs), striated (movement), cardiac (combination only in heart) 2 main divisions of nervous system central (brain & spinal column) and peripheral (all others) Respiratory System - key structures / organs Upper tract: 1. Nasal Cavity 2. Pharnyx (throat) 3. Larnyx (voice box) Lower tract: 1. Trachea (windpipe) 2. Primary Bronchi (bronchial tree) 3. Lungs respiration process oxygen IN = air air passages lungs alveoli (air sacs in lungs) capillaries blood key structures of cardiovascular system 1. Heart (4 chambers: 2 upper atrium, 2 lower ventricle; right side handles deoxygenated blood, left side handles oxygenated blood) Blood vessels: 2. Arteries/aorta (AWAY from heart) 3. Veins/vena cava (TO heart) pathway of blood through heart 1. DE-OXYGENATED blood through veins FROM BODY into RIGHT ATRIUM (Superior Vena Cava from upper body; Inferior Vena Cava from lower body) 2. Down through TRICUSPID VALVE into RIGHT VENTRICLE 3. Up through PULMONIC VALVE and out PULMONARY ARTERIES to LUNGS 4. Gas exchange in lungs = oxygen into blood 5. OXYGENATED blood in FROM LUNGS down through PULMONARY VEINS into LEFT VENTRICLE 6. Up through MITRAL (aka bicuspid/left atrioventricular) VALVE into RIGHT ATRIUM 7. Out and away from heart through AORTA to Upper and Lower Body major organs of digestive system digestive tract: mouth esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine colon accessory organs: salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas function of accessory glands of digestive system functions of accessory organs of digestive system 1. salivary glands in mouth (moisten, lubricate, begin digest carbs) 2. liver (metabolizes macronutrients, creates bile, detoxifies) 3. gallbladder (stores bile to digest & absorb fat) 4. pancreas (secretes enzymes & hormones to help with digestion) functions of digestive system 1. ingest & digest food 2. absorb nutrients 3. eliminate waste main organs of urinary (aka renal) system 1. Kidneys - produces urine 2. Ureter - carries urine to bladder 3. Bladder - stores urine until need for elimination 4. Urethra - tube allowing urine elimination from body (1-2 inch female; 8 inch male) overall function of urinary system balance fluids & salt through production of thirst balanced with urine production, storage, and elimination role & major organs/structures of immune system 1. role: internal protection from injury & infection 2. structure: lymph, lymph nodes, bone marrow, tonsils, adenoids, spleen, and thymus gland (fluids, tissues, organs) structure & function of integumentary system 1. function: external protection from injury & infection 2. structure: hair, skin, nails, and associated glands functions of skin, hair, and nails 1. skin: lubrication, protection, body temp regulation (through sweat production) 2. hair: insulation 3. nails: protect fingers and toes against soft tissue injury role of endocrine system achieve and maintain homeostasis through chemical messaging by hormones and enzymes location of male reproductive system inside & outside pelvis function of male reproductive system to produce & move spermatozoa (moving sperm) organs of male reproductive system 1. Testis or testicles (most men have 2) 2. Scrotum 3. Prostate 4. Vas Deferens 5. Urethra 6. Penis