CPCE Exam 2023 – 2024 Elaborated Questions And Answers

CPCE Exam 2023 – 2024 Elaborated Questions And Answers When beginning a counseling relationship, you are ethically required to - Inform the patient of the limits of confidentiality As you begin a counseling relationship, it is important to - jointly decide, between patient and counselor, how the counseling process will proceed A client arrives for counseling with the presenting complaint of relationship difficulties. She goes on to describe that she has had multiple abortions, and seems to use abortion as a birth control method. You are personally opposed to abortion. How should your personal beliefs impact the therapeutic relationship? - Your personal belief system should not have any bearing on the therapeutic relationship You have been involved in a counseling relationship with a client for six months, when he presents you with a small gift. What should you do? - Accept or decline depending on the circumstances You are court-ordered to disclose confidential information about a client you are counseling. What do you do? - Limit, as much as possible, any possibly damaging personal information and obtain written permission from your client to share confidential information What should you do if your client requests to see his confidential file? - Accept or decline depending upon circumstances You are a counselor with several clients, and at the same time you are adjusting to a difficult divorce. You aren't sleeping or eating well, find you are highly distractible, and generally are less in-touch with your emotional state. You should... - Be alert to your mental status, and be able to determine if continuing with your clients poses any threat of being detrimental to the counseling process A former client of yours has been arrested for a crime. As his former counselor, you are called to perform a forensic evaluation. What is your responsibility in this case? - It is not considered ethical to perform a forensic evaluation on a current or past client, so you should decline You are the supervisor for a new counselor, and are asked to attend her wedding. Would it be ethical to do so? - Yes, you should be able to attend her wedding without a breach of ethics While involved with a research study, you learn that several of your students are using confidential material in an unethical manner. You had no prior knowledge of this, and all of your safeguards for professional practice were appropriate. Are you, as the principal researcher, responsible for the student's behavior - Yes, you are ultimately responsible When publishing research, it is important to - Give credit to other contributors or sources, not plagiarize, and submit material to only one journal at a time When a conflict arises between the American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics and a governing authority, which takes precedence? - Ultimately the law may be adhered to over the Code of Ethics An ethics violation should NOT be reported when - A counselor has been retained to review another counselor who is in question; and when confidentiality rights would be violated What does multicultural/diversity counseling refer to? - Counseling that recognizes diversity and approaches beneficial to specific groups and an approach that all counselors should ethically be aware of Most ethical issues are related to - Confidentiality Only one psychoanalyst's developmental theory covers the entire lifespan. Who is he? - Erik Erikson The Id, Ego, Superego are attributed to which psychoanalyst? - Sigmund Freud What is the fourth stage of Jean Piaget's four stages - Formal Operations Identity Crisis - Erik Erikson Positive Psychology - processes that contribute to optimal functioning/ not focusing on abnormalities Smoking habit to Sigmund Freud - Oral Fixation Most mental health professionals believe - no one theory of development completely explains the process John Bowlby - Attachment Theory Lawrence Kohlberg's three levels of morality - Pre-conventional, Conventional, and post-conventional Female version of Freud's Oedipus complex - Electra Complex Researcher known for Rhesus Monkeys - Harry Harlow Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Theory of human motivation - psychological, safety, love, affection, belongingness Down Syndrome - Chromosomal abnormality John Watson - Little Albert experiment Albert Bandura's best-known research - Bobo Doll study What did Lev Vygotsky stress in his development theory? - Cultural Context and language Freudian Defense Mechanism - Repression Imprinting - Konrad Lorenz Incorporating several therapeutic theories in your work - eclectic Complaining of feeling restless, mood swings, times of hopelessness, periods of high energy and creativity in which she can go days without sleep - Bipolar Client presents with his wife both complaining the patient has had a change in cognitive function including language and memory. Client denies loss of pleasure in normal activities and denies feeling sad, but client is able to manage his medications but requires someone to set up his medication box and set a timer for him. - Neurocognitive Disorder Disorder of thought; disorder of mood - Schizophrenia; bipolar disorder Mirroring back client's verbalizations, and not passing judgment. Facilitating in assisting his client in reaching resolution of the presenting problems. - Rogerian, client-centered therapy Binge eating coupled with inappropriate methods of controlling one's weight may be a symptom of - Bulimia Concerns of his health; reports chronic intestinal difficulties, but has not sought medical treatment for his concerns. For the last five years he rarely feels at ease while at his job. Feels uneasy when outside the home - Agoraphobia loss of appetite; nervousness, and recurrent nightmares of a past hospital experience from years prior, where she says she almost died - PTSD Actively defiant of instructions, argues regularly, spiteful, and resentful. School performance is marginal. - Oppositional defiant disorder 40-year old client not feeling comfortable socially after gaining weight. Unwilling to try new activities and avoiding activities he once found enjoyable - Avoidant Personality Disorder Client believes his favorite actress is in love with him. He is appropriate in every other way and substance use is not the factor - Delusional Disorder Cyclothymia - Mild form of bipolar disorder. Cause is unknown Client needs help with substance use, uses recreationally on the weekends. Two DUIs within 3 years - Stimulant Use Disorder Complaints about significant Chronic back pain and shoulder pain (basis of a disability claim), when seen he looks fully physical capable of bending and picking up things - Malingering - to receive an external reward Symptoms of Schizophrenia categorized in three groups - Positive, Negative, and Disorganized Couple comes in. Wife displays feelings of distrust and no tolerance for relationships and also experiences excessive over-valuation "he's the best thing that every happened to me" - Borderline Personality Disorder A patient diagnosed with depression/suicide ideation suddenly appears to feel better and think more clearly - Suicide has increased! 20 year-old male college student. Last 6-7 months grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior and speech, hallucinations, poor responses - Schizophrenia...Paranoid, disorganized, catatonic, undifferentiated, and residual When a client's physical symptoms have a psychological cause it is referred to as - Conversion Disorder Appraisal - Any means by which by which a counselor assesses a client. ie: mental health exam, IQ test Type of test - NCE - Objective Test created by David Wechsler - IQ When administering tests to a client, the counselor should always - Inform the client of limitations of testing Validity (In testing) - How accurate the test is Reliability (in testing) - How consistent the results are The only test you are using with your client has a reliability of .60, you should... - disregard the results of the test as the reliability is too low Francis Galton - Inherited intellectual abilities; father of behavioral genetics; personality traits are passed down J.P. Guilford - individual differences and intellect; creativity Developed the first intelligence test - Alfred Binet and Theophilus Simon Rorschach - Inkblot test Most researched test in history - MMPI; Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Psychometrics - Psychological measurement; measures the inner workings of the mind and behavior Myers-Briggs Type Indicator - Personality test You say a word to your client and he answers back with the first thing that comes to mind. What theorist developed the method you're using - Carl Jung A career test that tests one's ABILITY - An aptitude test When did group counseling begin to be done more regularly - After the 1960s Which early theorist engaged in group therapy - Alfred Adler Group therapy session that will be open only to patients suffering from depression, and will not allow new patients to join once the sessions have started. What type of group therapy are you offering? - Homogenous closed groups (members share similarity; does not add new members once the session has begun) Closed group - Stronger cohesiveness within the group and less cost-effective A common weakness in group therapy - Not setting firm goals for the group Why did R.K. Conyne create the "Group Work Grid" - to expand practical understanding of group work E-therapy - Online Psychological Treatment You're concerned about how your group therapy sessions are progressing? - Have an outsider observer assess the group When counseling young children in a group setting, it is helpful to enlist the involvement - Parents In a group therapy setting, what is a gate keeper - a role assumed by a group therapy member Someone who always agrees with anything the other group members say is - nonassertive There are various stages in group therapy - Forming, Storming, Norming, performing, and adjourning In group therapy, what is a blocker - Group member who blocks new ideas Clients who are in the midst of a personal crisis are often not good candidates for group therapy. They would need... - Medication and individual psychotherapy Group process - analysis of the group's interactions Group Content - the material that is being discussed within the group Most therapists consider the best size for group therapy to be between - 6 and 8 members Branch of Psychology deals primarily with groups and social factors - Social Psychology Who is considered the father of sociology - Emile Durkheim You are sent a client who is culturally different from yourself. Is it ethical for you to counsel this client - Yes,Counselor can enter a therapeutic relationship with someone who is culturally different Proxemics - The study of proximity; refers to personal and interpersonal space An Asian client is most likely to choose a counselor who is - Asian An area of study in social cognition - Attribution A cultural norm - how people are supposed to act Milgram experiment - People will usually obey authority Social Distance Scale - Emory Bogardus Foot in the Door Technique - Compliance - Freedman and Frasier. If you ask someone for something small, they will eventually comply with getting something big Self fulfilling prophecy - the false becomes true. Robert Merton. Stating something false will eventually come to pass Theory that helps explain prejudice - Social Identity Theory - Henry Tajfel. When associated with a group, people will begin to think they are better than another group Altruism may be explained by - Social Exchange Theory Jack and Samantha are alike in every way an it isn't long before they marry. What might explain their relationship? - Consensual validity; they validate each other Cognitive Dissonance - Making up excuses to make you feel better about yourself. Justifying your bad behavior in order to stay consistent - Leon Festinge