NR 509 FINAL EXAM LATEST 2024 QOESTION AND ANSWER 100% CORRECT

Chapter 18: Breasts and Axillae 1. A 44-year-old female mathematician presents to clinic with a complaint of a mass in the right breast. Her partner noticed this mass 2 days ago, and the patient feels guilty because she has only had one mammogram and does not engage in breast self-examination (BSE) on any regular basis. She has no family history of breast cancer, and her prior mammogram was ordered as a routine screening test at age 43 years after a brief discussion with her primary care provider. After a thorough investigation reveals a benign cyst, what advice should be given to this patient about screening for breast cancer in her age group? a. BSE is well evidenced, and all recommending agencies agree that it should be taught and reinforced. b. Clinical breast examination (CBE) is superior to BSE and should be a routine part of annual examinations starting at age 30 years. c. This patient was in compliance with the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendations for her age group and risk factors prior to her current complaint. d. Mammography is most sensitive and specific for women in their 40s, when breast tissue is still dense enough to image accurately. e. Breast cancer screening is extremely well studied, and no controversy exists on the recommended norms for screening and follow-up. 2. A 42-year-old female website developer presents for an annual preventive examination with questions about breast cancer screening. She is concerned about the radiation exposure associated with mammography and is interested in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a possible alternative for routine screening. She is otherwise healthy with no family history of breast, ovarian, or colon cancer. Which of the following is true about MRI as a screening modality for breast cancer in the general population? a. Breast cancer screening by MRI has been well studied in the general population. b. Sensitivity of screening for breast cancer increases with breast MRI at the expense of specificity. c. This patient is an ideal candidate for screening via breast MRI based on current evidence d. Women at low lifetime risk of breast cancer (<20%) are recommended to undergo screening MRI. e. Known BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation is insufficient criteria to justify screening with breast MRI. 3. A 35-year-old G0P0 woman presents to clinic with a complaint of bilateral nipple discharge. This discharge started several weeks ago and has occurred at irregular intervals since that time. She does not complain of local tenderness, redness, fever, or any other systemic symptoms aside from slightly irregular periods over the last few months. On examination, she is able to express a small amount of discharge, which is sent to the laboratory and found to be consistent with breast milk but without any signs of blood or pus. Screening laboratories are also