APEA 3P EXAM PREP1 WOMEN HEALTH QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS AND EXPLANATION

A54-year-old female presents with a small to moderate amount of vaginal bleedingof recent onset. She has been postmenopausal for approximately 2 years. What diagnosis is least likely? Endometrial carcinoma Ovarian cancer Endometrial hyperplasia Uterine polyps B. Ovarian cancer may present as an adnexal mass, pelvic or abdominal symptoms and a variety of others. Postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is an uncommon presentation of ovarian cancer, but can present this way. In women with PMB, likelycauses of uterine pathology should be evaluated before considering ovarian pathology. In early menopause, the most common etiology is atrophy of the endometriumor vaginal mucosa. This patient has been postmenopausal for approximately 2 years. Other common causes of PMB are polyps, fibroids, and endometrial hyperplasia. Three of the following interventions are appropriately used to prevent osteoporosisafter menopause. Which one is NOT? Avoidance of corticosteroids Performance of weight-bearing activities for 40 mins at least 5 days/weekEstrogen replacement therapy Adequate calcium& vitamin DintakeC. Prevention of osteoporosis may be optimized by elimination of risk factors and engaging in interventions that maximize bone density. Good nutrition frominfancy throughout adulthood is a major component of good bone health. Others include engaging in weight-bearing exercises, adequate intake of calciumand vitamin D, smoking cessation, limiting alcohol consumption to moderate amounts, and avoidance when possible of medications that may decrease bone density (corticosteroids, anticonvulsants). Osteoporosis occurs at accelerated rates in women who are post-menopausal. The lack of estrogen can produce rapid bone lossdue to bone resorption. Estrogen replacement is not used to prevent or treat osteoporosis. Apatient who is scheduled for pelvic examwith PAP smear should be advised to avoid douching, sexual intercourse, and tampon use before her exam. For how longshould she be advised to avoid these activities for optimal evaluation? 24 hours 48 hours 36 hours 1 wee kB. The general recommendation is to avoid these activities and any vaginal medicationfor 48 hours prior to the PAP smear. Douching and tampon use can remove superficial cells, which are the ones collected and used as representative samples on PAP smear. Sexual intercourse should be avoided because there can be specimencontamination by the male partner. With vaginal medications or creams, either can serve as a barrier to epithelial cell sampling.