Psychology First exam questions fully solved with verified expert solutions (download to pass

Psychology The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Behavior All outward or overt actions and reactions. Brainpower Read More Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:00 Full screen Mental Processes Internal, covert activity of the mind. Four Goals of Psychology Description [what is happening?], Understanding [why is it happening?], Prediction [when will it happen again?], Control [how can it be changed?] Willhelm Wundt The "father of psychology", a physiologist, who attempted to apply scientific principles to the study of the human mind. objective introspection the process of examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities Edward Titchener A student of Wundt and created structuralism. structuralism Focus of the study is the structure or basic elements of the mind. William James Discovered functionalism. functionalism The focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work and play. Influenced the modern fields of educational, evolutionary and industrial/organizational psychology. Gestalt Psychology Started with Wirtheimer, the "good figure" psychology. Now part of cognitive psychology and not only focuses on perception but learning, memory, thought processes and problem solving. Psychoanalysis Theory and therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud. Believed that nervous disorders were caused by suppressed urges and that early childhood experiences were significant. John B. Watson Proposed behaviorism, "the science of behavior" that focuses on observable behavior. humanistic perspective People have free will, the freedom to choose their own destiny. correlation a measure of the relationship between two variables independent variable Variable in the experiment that is manipulated. dependent variable Variable in an experiment that represents measurable response or behavior of the subjects in the experiment. Experimenter effect tendency of the experimenter's expectations for a study to unintentionally influence the results of the study. single-blind study study in which the subjects do not know if they are in the experimental or the control group double-blind study study in which neither the experimenter nor the