Summary 5.2: Organic Chemistry II
5.2: Organic Chemistry II One or more of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon can be replaced by another atom or group of atoms thus forming the other families of organic compounds. These organic families are much more reactive than the hydrocarbons, and the non-hydrocarbon portion of the molecule is called the functional group since it largely determines how the molecule behaves (functions). Replacement of one or more hydrogens of a hydrocarbon by a halogen atom (-F, -Cl, -Br or –I) results in a family of organic compounds aptly named the alkyl halides. The alkyl halides are obtained by chemical reactions on the appropriate hydrocarbon and are most often used to make plastics or other organic compounds. The structural formulas and IUPAC names of several alkyl halides are shown below:
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