BIOS 252 Final Exam Study Guide
Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue
Characteristic Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle Smooth Muscle
Location Attached to Heart Lines organs,
bones airways, and
blood vessels
Presence of Yes Yes No
Sarcomeres/Striations
Nervous Control Voluntary Involuntary Involuntary
Presence of No Yes No
Intercalated Discs
Speed of Contraction Fast Moderate Slow
Muscle Components (Tube inside a tube)
, Muscle fiber- Functional Unit of Skeletal Muscle
, Myosin head movement
o ATP must be present for myosin head to bind to actin filament.
o ATP hydrolyzes to form ADP and Phosphate to hold myosin to actin.
o Phosphate releases and in turn releases energy to force the myosin to pull the
actin closer.
o Depleted ADP is replaced with fresh ATP
Steps of Contractions
, Types of Muscle Metabolism
o Creatine phosphate- Lasts 15 seconds
o Anaerobic glycolysis- Lasts a couple minutes
o Aerobic Cellular Respiration- Lasts several minutes to hours
Types of Contractions
o Isotonic Contraction- muscles contract and movement occurs.
o Isometric Contraction- muscles contract, but no net movement occurs.
Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types
o Slow Oxidative Fibers
Large amounts of myoglobin and mitochondria for cell respiration
Very low amounts of creatine kinase and glycogen
Maintains posture during aerobic endurance activities
o Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic Fibers
Large amounts of myoglobin and mitochondria for cell respiration
Moderate levels of creatine kinase and glycogen
Allows for walking and sprinting
o Fast glycolytic Fibers
Very low amounts of myoglobin and mitochondria.
High amounts of creatine kinase and glycogen for anaerobic respiration.
Allows for rapid motions such as in the extraocular muscles
Chapter 10: Muscle Tissue
Characteristic Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle Smooth Muscle
Location Attached to Heart Lines organs,
bones airways, and
blood vessels
Presence of Yes Yes No
Sarcomeres/Striations
Nervous Control Voluntary Involuntary Involuntary
Presence of No Yes No
Intercalated Discs
Speed of Contraction Fast Moderate Slow
Muscle Components (Tube inside a tube)
, Muscle fiber- Functional Unit of Skeletal Muscle
, Myosin head movement
o ATP must be present for myosin head to bind to actin filament.
o ATP hydrolyzes to form ADP and Phosphate to hold myosin to actin.
o Phosphate releases and in turn releases energy to force the myosin to pull the
actin closer.
o Depleted ADP is replaced with fresh ATP
Steps of Contractions
, Types of Muscle Metabolism
o Creatine phosphate- Lasts 15 seconds
o Anaerobic glycolysis- Lasts a couple minutes
o Aerobic Cellular Respiration- Lasts several minutes to hours
Types of Contractions
o Isotonic Contraction- muscles contract and movement occurs.
o Isometric Contraction- muscles contract, but no net movement occurs.
Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types
o Slow Oxidative Fibers
Large amounts of myoglobin and mitochondria for cell respiration
Very low amounts of creatine kinase and glycogen
Maintains posture during aerobic endurance activities
o Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic Fibers
Large amounts of myoglobin and mitochondria for cell respiration
Moderate levels of creatine kinase and glycogen
Allows for walking and sprinting
o Fast glycolytic Fibers
Very low amounts of myoglobin and mitochondria.
High amounts of creatine kinase and glycogen for anaerobic respiration.
Allows for rapid motions such as in the extraocular muscles
