MLT ASCP Chemistry Practice Questions and Answers/ Verified Answers

MLT ASCP Chemistry Practice Questions and Answers/ Verified Answers Acute phase proteins generally fall into which category? A. Glycoproteins B. Immunoglobulins C. Lipoproteins D. Microglobulins (Answer: - A; Acute phase proteins are a large group of glycoproteins found in the blood that are not related to immunoglobulins. Acute-phase proteins are generally a class of glycoproteins whose plasma concentrations increase, known as positive acute-phase proteins, or decrease, known as negative acute-phase proteins, in response to inflammation. Which of the following enzymes is the most sensitive indicator of liver damage associated with alcohol ingestion: A. GGT B. ALT C. AST D. LDH (Answer: - A; GGT elevations precede those of other liver enzymes in cases of chronic ingestion of drugs or alcohol. Which of the following statements about the test for C-reactive protein (CRP) is TRUE? A. It correlates with neutrophil phagocytic function B. It is an indicator of an inflammatory condition C. It is diagnostic for rheumatic fever D. It is part of the complement cascade (Answer: - B; C-reactive protein is produced by the liver. The level of CRP rises when there is inflammatory processes happening in the body. Which of the following would you find in a primary hyperparathyroidism case? A. elevated serum calcium and decreased serum phosphorus B. elevated serum calcium and elevated serum phosphorus C. decreased serum calcium and decreased serum phosphorus D. decreased serum calcium and increased serum phosphorus (Answer: - A; Primary hyperparathyroidism is a disorder of the parathyroid glands where overactive parathyroid glands secretes too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). This excess PTH triggers the release of too much calcium into the bloodstream. The bones may lose calcium, and too much calcium may be absorbed from food. The levels of calcium may increase in the urine, causing kidney stones. PTH also lowers blood phosphorus levels by increasing excretion of phosphorus in the urine. Which enzyme is responsible for the conjugation of bilirubin? A. Beta-Glucuronidase B. Bilirubin oxidase C. Bilirubin reductase D. Glucuronyl transferase (Answer: - D; Glucuronyl transferase is responsible for the conjugation of bilirubin in the liver. When deficiencies exist of this important enzyme, disease states can occur. A deficiency in glucuronosyl transferase is thought to be the cause of Gilbert's syndrome (unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) and Crigler-Najjar syndrome, where this enzyme is completely or mostly absent. Which of the following is a cause of metabolic alkalosis? A. Late stage of Salicylate poisoning B. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus C. Renal failure D. Excessive vomiting E. Polyuria (Answer: - D; Metabolic alkalosis may be caused by several conditions, of which one is excessive vomiting. Other causes are (1) loss of hydrogen ions in renal acid losses that exceed acid production from cellular metabolism, (2) disproportionate chloride loss compared with HCO3 loss (ie, the plasma concentration of HCO3 increases upon restriction to a smaller space of distribution), and (3) HCO3 administration (unusual because additional HCO3 is very quickly eliminated by the kidneys).