Wildland firefighting S-190 study guide 2024 with
complete solution
Origin
Where the fire started and or where it's going.
Head
Greatest rate of spread. Moves intensely. May have more than one head.
Fingers
Long narrow strips of fire that break off of the main fire. Caused by mixed fuels,
natural features dividing the fire.
Pocket
Unaffected area between the main fire and finger.
Perimeter
Outer boundary of burning or burnt area.
Rear/ heel
Opposite to the head of the fire. Close to the point of origin.
Flanks
Sides of a wildland fire. May change to the head or fingers might form because of
fuel.
Islands
Unburned areas inside the perimeter.
Wildland fires
Unplanned or unwanted fires.
Fireline
Part of the control line. Dug to mineral soil. Where firefighting activities take place.
Spot fires
Smalls fires burning beyond main fire boundary.
Convection column
Rising hot air/ gas above the fire source.
Slopover/ Breakover
When fire crosses a control line
The green
Unburned area close to the fire where live or dead fuels are. NOT SAFE
Live fuels
Living plants, high moisture vegetation, low moisture content
Dead fuels
Where moisture is only governed by only atmospheric moisture. Ie: relative humidity
and precipitation.
The Black
Area where fire has already moved through.
Surface/ Ground Fuel
Fuel that contacts the ground. Ex: leafs, dead branches, bark, tree cones.
Aerial fuels
Fuel suspended from the ground. Ex: branches, twigs, bark and vines.
Black unsafe
Steep terrain, hot spots, falling snags, exposure from adjacent Unburned fuels.
Reburns
Wind shift or a fire moves fast and doesn't burn everything.
complete solution
Origin
Where the fire started and or where it's going.
Head
Greatest rate of spread. Moves intensely. May have more than one head.
Fingers
Long narrow strips of fire that break off of the main fire. Caused by mixed fuels,
natural features dividing the fire.
Unaffected area between the main fire and finger.
Perimeter
Outer boundary of burning or burnt area.
Rear/ heel
Opposite to the head of the fire. Close to the point of origin.
Flanks
Sides of a wildland fire. May change to the head or fingers might form because of
fuel.
Islands
Unburned areas inside the perimeter.
Wildland fires
Unplanned or unwanted fires.
Fireline
Part of the control line. Dug to mineral soil. Where firefighting activities take place.
Spot fires
Smalls fires burning beyond main fire boundary.
Convection column
Rising hot air/ gas above the fire source.
Slopover/ Breakover
When fire crosses a control line
The green
Unburned area close to the fire where live or dead fuels are. NOT SAFE
Live fuels
Living plants, high moisture vegetation, low moisture content
Dead fuels
Where moisture is only governed by only atmospheric moisture. Ie: relative humidity
and precipitation.
The Black
Area where fire has already moved through.
Surface/ Ground Fuel
Fuel that contacts the ground. Ex: leafs, dead branches, bark, tree cones.
Aerial fuels
Fuel suspended from the ground. Ex: branches, twigs, bark and vines.
Black unsafe
Steep terrain, hot spots, falling snags, exposure from adjacent Unburned fuels.
Reburns
Wind shift or a fire moves fast and doesn't burn everything.
