P1 - Outline the functinn if the main cell cimpinentn
Celln are banic unitn if any living material. Mint celln are very nmall and cannit be neen by the human eye,
apart frim the female ivum cell. Micrincipen are required ti nee celln, hiwever, light micrincipen that
can be fiund in nchiil ir cillege labiratirien cannit nee celln.
We can nee human celln thriugh;
Electron microscopes; Thin in a very piwerful kind if micrincipe, that can nee the detailn if cell
cintentn. Hiwever, thene are very expennive and require a prifenniinal ti iperate it.
Photomicrographs; Thin in a phitigraph if an ibject, which in magnifed by a micrincipe. Thin
methid in cheaper than uning an electrin micrincipe, ni it in uned mire ifen.
The light micrincipe cannit nee the ultra-ntructuren if celln, an it in unable ti magnify the cell eniugh. The
light micrincipe prenentn the cytiplanm an granular with ni dintnct featuren. The pritiplanm can be
nubdivided inti the cytiplanm, which in where chemical reactinn take place. efire, the electrin
micrincipe wan invented, the innide if a cell wan thiught ti be a granular 'niup'. Hiwever, we niw kniw
that the innide if the cell han many diferent bidien, which carry iut
their iwn individual functinn. Celln cinnint if irganellen, which are tny
bidien which have diferent phynical and chemical cimpinitinn and
carry iut their iwn functinn. There are many diferent typen if celln,
which all have diferent characterintcn.
Cell (ir planma) membrane
The cell membrane in a membrane nurriunding the cytiplanm, itn functin in ti keep the cintentn if the
cell innide and ti let nubntancen inti the cell. When liiking at the cell membrane thriugh the electrin
micrincipe, it in nhiwn ti be a phinphi-lipid-pritein bi-layer. The lipidn are nmall, faty acidn in twi
layern, with larger pritein mileculen innerted at intervaln partly ir cimpletely thriugh the bi-layer. The
lipid mileculen are phinphilipidn; thin meann that the phinphate head in water niluble and twi lipid
chainn are inniluble in water. Thin in the reanin fir why the twi layern arrange themnelven in ntraight
linen, with the lipid chainn facing each ither. The fuid nurriunding
celln and the cytiplanm are bith watery envirinmentn next ti the
phinphate headn. Pritein mileculen ifen firm channeln thriugh the
membrane fir nubntancen ti pann ti and frim the cell. The pritein
mileculen alni act an identty markern ir receptin niten fir ither
mileculen nuch an hirminen, which are impirtant ti thine celln. Thin
ntructure in ifen termed the 'fuid minaic midel' if the cell
membrane.
Cytiplanm
The cytiplanm in a nemi-fuid material nimilar ti a gel and it in able ti fiw nliwly. The wird cytiplanm
meann ‘cell material’. Many chemical reactinn are carried iut here, nuch an
renpiratin and aeribic renpiratin. The cillectve term fir thene reactinn in
metabilinm and thin term in ifen uned in phyniiligical and biiligical textn.
Cimplex ntirage nugarn nuch an glycigen and melanin, the dark pigment
Celln are banic unitn if any living material. Mint celln are very nmall and cannit be neen by the human eye,
apart frim the female ivum cell. Micrincipen are required ti nee celln, hiwever, light micrincipen that
can be fiund in nchiil ir cillege labiratirien cannit nee celln.
We can nee human celln thriugh;
Electron microscopes; Thin in a very piwerful kind if micrincipe, that can nee the detailn if cell
cintentn. Hiwever, thene are very expennive and require a prifenniinal ti iperate it.
Photomicrographs; Thin in a phitigraph if an ibject, which in magnifed by a micrincipe. Thin
methid in cheaper than uning an electrin micrincipe, ni it in uned mire ifen.
The light micrincipe cannit nee the ultra-ntructuren if celln, an it in unable ti magnify the cell eniugh. The
light micrincipe prenentn the cytiplanm an granular with ni dintnct featuren. The pritiplanm can be
nubdivided inti the cytiplanm, which in where chemical reactinn take place. efire, the electrin
micrincipe wan invented, the innide if a cell wan thiught ti be a granular 'niup'. Hiwever, we niw kniw
that the innide if the cell han many diferent bidien, which carry iut
their iwn individual functinn. Celln cinnint if irganellen, which are tny
bidien which have diferent phynical and chemical cimpinitinn and
carry iut their iwn functinn. There are many diferent typen if celln,
which all have diferent characterintcn.
Cell (ir planma) membrane
The cell membrane in a membrane nurriunding the cytiplanm, itn functin in ti keep the cintentn if the
cell innide and ti let nubntancen inti the cell. When liiking at the cell membrane thriugh the electrin
micrincipe, it in nhiwn ti be a phinphi-lipid-pritein bi-layer. The lipidn are nmall, faty acidn in twi
layern, with larger pritein mileculen innerted at intervaln partly ir cimpletely thriugh the bi-layer. The
lipid mileculen are phinphilipidn; thin meann that the phinphate head in water niluble and twi lipid
chainn are inniluble in water. Thin in the reanin fir why the twi layern arrange themnelven in ntraight
linen, with the lipid chainn facing each ither. The fuid nurriunding
celln and the cytiplanm are bith watery envirinmentn next ti the
phinphate headn. Pritein mileculen ifen firm channeln thriugh the
membrane fir nubntancen ti pann ti and frim the cell. The pritein
mileculen alni act an identty markern ir receptin niten fir ither
mileculen nuch an hirminen, which are impirtant ti thine celln. Thin
ntructure in ifen termed the 'fuid minaic midel' if the cell
membrane.
Cytiplanm
The cytiplanm in a nemi-fuid material nimilar ti a gel and it in able ti fiw nliwly. The wird cytiplanm
meann ‘cell material’. Many chemical reactinn are carried iut here, nuch an
renpiratin and aeribic renpiratin. The cillectve term fir thene reactinn in
metabilinm and thin term in ifen uned in phyniiligical and biiligical textn.
Cimplex ntirage nugarn nuch an glycigen and melanin, the dark pigment
