Study Exams For Nr 503

STUDY EXAMS FOR NR 503 health disparities - CORRECT ANSWER-differences in health outcomes among groups The differences identified in incidence or prevalence of illness, health outcomes, mortality, injury, violence, or difference in opportunities to reach optimal health equity due to disadvantages based on ethnicity, socioeconomic status, gender, sexual orientation, geographic location or other reasons Population - CORRECT ANSWER-A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area How are outcomes measured? - CORRECT ANSWER-the end result after treatment/intervention that describes a patients health status Incidence - CORRECT ANSWER-measures the number of new cases over a certain time period, as compared with the general healthy population Prevalence - CORRECT ANSWER-The number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time. period prevalence rate - CORRECT ANSWER-all cases that existed anytime during the specified time 'period' are included in the numerator regardless of outcome Populations - CORRECT ANSWER-- All the people inhabiting a specified area - The total number of inhabitants constituting a particular race, class, or group in a specified are social justice theory - CORRECT ANSWER-relates advocacy, health disparities and outcomes (equality) primary intervention - CORRECT ANSWER-an intervention that occurs before the onset of the disease secondary intervention - CORRECT ANSWER-after disease but before symptoms *screening* health inequity - CORRECT ANSWER-a difference or disparity in health outcomes that is systematic, avoidable, and unjust Social Justice - CORRECT ANSWER-the defense of human dignity by ensuring that essential human needs are met and that essential human rights are protected for all people Campaign for Action - CORRECT ANSWER-limit health disparities across the nation Sources of epidemiological data - CORRECT ANSWER-HP 2020, Quick Health Data Online System, NCHS, AAMC, Health Equity Screening and Diagnostic Tests - CORRECT ANSWER-** population specific ** should be tested and have available statistics that speak to their specificity, sensitivity, and + predictive value Speceficity - CORRECT ANSWER-Patients DO NOT have disease and were given negative test results Sensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER-Patients who DO have disease AND are given positive test results Sensitive to the truth + predictive value - CORRECT ANSWER-Probability that a person with a + result truly does have the disease descriptive epidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER-collection and analysis of data: what, who, where, when, why/how (causes, risk factors, modes of transportation) causation - CORRECT ANSWER-A cause and effect relationship in which one variable controls the changes in another variable. interprofessional collaboration - CORRECT ANSWER-promotes sharing of expertise from health care professionals to create a plan of care that will restore and maintain a client's health with evidence-based care risk analysis - CORRECT ANSWER-An initial reflection that identifies the possible risks before the intervention is completed. tertiary intervention - CORRECT ANSWER-rehabilitation to the highest level of functioning (prevents disease from getting worse) Provider determining to use a screening test? - CORRECT ANSWER-used to reduce morbidity/mortality by detecting diseases early. (pap smear, mammogram, ect) Determined by: -Sensitivity and specificity are measures of a test's ability to correctly classify a person as having a disease or not having a disease. Predictive Value: the probability of having the disease. Found at: CDC how is descriptive epidemiology used? - CORRECT ANSWER-investigates health problem, used to change natural HX of disease, tracked by database Causation - CORRECT ANSWER-A cause and effect relationship in which one variable controls the changes in another variable. surveillance - CORRECT ANSWER-Used to monitor changes typically with infectious disease and is used for ongoing systematic collection Determinants of health - CORRECT ANSWER-the range of personal, social, economic , and environmental factors that influence health status association - CORRECT ANSWER-a group of people who have gathered based on similar goals or beliefs Case-control study - CORRECT ANSWER-individuals with the diseases (cases) are compared to individuals without the disease (controls) Case-Control Strengths - CORRECT ANSWER--Great for rare disease/condition -Important in understanding new diseases -INEXPENSIVE AND SHORTER -Need small sample Case Control Weakness - CORRECT ANSWER-- risk of bias - measurement error Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) - CORRECT ANSWER-- subjects in a population are randomly allocated into control groups -to receive or not receive an experimental intervention. - The results are assessed by rigorous comparison of rates of disease, death, recovery -RCTs are generally regarded as the most rigorous method of hypothesis testing Randomize Control Trial Strengths - CORRECT ANSWER-- Minimal Bias - Controls intervention/Treatment