Practice Questions For Patho Hesi Exit

PRACTICE QUESTIONS FOR PATHO HESI EXIT A decrease in workload, use, pressure, or blood supply appropriately describes: A. physiologic atrophy. B. pathologic atrophy. C. hypertrophy. D. hyperplasia. - CORRECT ANSWER-B. pathologic atrophy. Pathologic atrophy is a decrease in cell size due to decreased use. Physiologic atrophy usually occurs early in development; for example, the thymus gland atrophies during childhood. Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells. The appropriate term for the reversible replacement of one mature cell by another is: A. metaplasia. B. hyperplasia. C. dysplasia. D. atypical hyperplasia. - CORRECT ANSWER-A. metaplasia. The term metaplasia refers to one cell type being replaced by another. Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells, not a change in their type. Dysplasia, also referred to as atypical hyperplasia, refers to abnormal changes in the size, shape, and organization of cells. The ability to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and affect the nervous and hematopoietic systems is a characteristic of: A. carbon monoxide. B. carbon tetrachloride. C. lead. D. mercury. - CORRECT ANSWER-C. lead. Lead is able to increase intracellular calcium concentrations and may also become a calcium substitute. It affects the hematopoietic system. It is often found in paint, dirt, and pottery. Carbon tetrachloride, formerly used in dry cleaning, is converted into a highly toxic free radical that damages the liver. Carbon monoxide is an asphyxiate gas that interrupts respiration. Mercury is a heavy metal and can worsen chronic diseases like Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis. A patient with a collection of blood that is located between the skull and the dura is diagnosed with a condition referred to as a(n): A. epidural hematoma. B. contusion. C. subdural hematoma. D. abrasion. - CORRECT ANSWER-A. epidural hematoma. An epidural hematoma is a collection of blood between the inner surface of the skull and the dura. A subdural hematoma is a collection of blood between the surface of the dura and the brain. A contusion is a bruise or bleeding into the skin and underlying tissue. Abrasion is a scrape caused by removal of the superficial layers of the skin. A tear or rip of the skin with a jagged and irregular edge is described as a(n): A. abrasion. B. incision. C. laceration. D. avulsion. - CORRECT ANSWER-C. laceration. Lacerations occur when the tensile strength of the skin is exceeded. An incision is a precise cut with an instrument that leaves regular clean edges. In a laceration, edges are often jagged and irregular. An abrasion results from the removal of the superficial layers of the skin caused by friction between the skin and the injuring object. An avulsion is an injury in which an area of tissue is pulled away, creating a flap. A characteristic of a stab wound includes: A. the injury is deeper than it is long. B. the injury is longer than it is deep. C. there is a broken bone. D. there is significant crush injury. - CORRECT ANSWER-A. the injury is deeper than it is long. The injury is deeper than it is long. There is little crush injury because the object used is sharp and it makes a clean entrance. An injury that is longer than it is deep is considered an incised wound. A broken bone is a fracture. The appropriate term for fragments of burning or unburned pieces of gunpowder that are embedded in the epidermis is: A. exit wound. B. stippling. C. blowback. D. tattooing. - CORRECT ANSWER-D. tattooing. Tattooing results from fragments of burning or unburned pieces of gunpowder exiting the barrel and striking the skin surface with enough force to be driven into the epidermis. Stippling results when fragments of gunpowder strike the skin with enough force to abrade the skin but not actually penetrate the surface. An exit wound is where the bullet exits the body. Blowback is disruption of the tissues resulting in large, gaping, and jagged appearance to the wound. Which term describes oxygen failing to reach the blood? A. Suffocation B. Strangulation C. Drowning D. Petechiae - CORRECT ANSWER-A. Suffocation Suffocation occurs when oxygen fails to reach the blood. It is a subgroup of asphyxial injuries. Strangulation is caused by compression and closure of the blood vessels and air passages by external pressure on the neck. Drowning occurs when water or fluid alters delivery of oxygen. Petechiae are found on the neck of a victim who is strangled. It is the result of compression of soft tissue and the breakage of blood vessels. The pigment that is correctly paired with its color is: A. melanin-brown-black. B. hemosiderin-green-black. C. blue nevus-brown-black. D. bilirubin-yellow-brown. - CORRECT ANSWER-A. melanin-brown-black. Melanin is brown-black pigment. This is what causes a suntan. Hemosiderin is a yellowbrown pigment and is derived from hemoglobin. Blue nevus is a benign mole that is dark blue-black in color. Bilirubin is yellow-green in color and is derived from bile. The appropriate term to identify the nuclear dissolution and destruction of chromatin by action of hydrolytic enzymes is: A. autolysis. B. pyknosis. C. karyorrhexis. D. karyolysis. - CORRECT ANSWER-D. karyolysis. Karyolysis is the nuclear dissolution and lysis of chromatin. Autolysis is a term for autodigestion. In pyknosis, the nucleus shrinks and becomes a small, dense mass of genetic material. Karyorrhexis means fragmentation of the nucleus into smaller particles, or "nuclear dust." A TRUE statement regarding calcium in cells is: A. calcium salts accumulate in healthy, living cells with normal body function. B. dystrophic calcification occurs in chronic tuberculosis. C. metastatic calcification occurs in damaged tissue. D. psammoma bodies are individual calcium molecules. - CORRECT ANSWER-B. dystrophic calcification occurs in chronic tuberculosis. Dystrophic calcification occurs in dead or dying tissues and chronic tuberculosis and is usually found in lungs and lymph nodes. Calcium accumulation normally occurs in dead