Reviewed Study Test For Patho Hesi Exit

REVIEWED STUDY TEST FOR PATHO HESI EXIT A PPD test of _____mm or more is indicative of a previous/active TB infection. - CORRECT ANSWER-Induration of 10 or greater is positive. A nurse determines that a patient is at risk for osteoporosis based on which assessment findings? - CORRECT ANSWER-Diagnosis of IBD (or any malabsorption disorder) A client's EKG is displaying changes in the ST segment. Why might the nurse be concerned with this finding? - CORRECT ANSWER-Abnormal ST segments are indicative of ventricular dysrhythmias and myocardial infarctions (STEMIs) Microalbuminuria - CORRECT ANSWER-early sign of renal disease involving the presence of albumin in the urine in amounts greater than expected but too low to be detected by dipstick testing Normal platelet count - CORRECT ANSWER-150,000 - 400,000 cells/mm3 Normal WBC count - CORRECT ANSWER-5,000-10,000 cells/mm3 Hgb and HCT levels - CORRECT ANSWER-HB-- women mature earlier than men at 12-16; men mature later at 14-18 HCT-- 3 letters; 3x the hb values PTT values - CORRECT ANSWER-30-40 seconds (Proper Teaching Time is 30-40 minutes); when on heparin 1.5-2.0 PT INR values - CORRECT ANSWER-PT: preteen; 10-15 seconds INR: 2.0-3.0 normally; on warfarin 3.0-4.5 Magnesium values - CORRECT ANSWER-MAGnifying glasses-- 1.5-2.5 Phosphorus values - CORRECT ANSWER-(phosPHOR-US; us = 2) 2.5- 4.5 Rifaximin (Xifaxan) - CORRECT ANSWER-nonabsorbable antibiotic; widely used for treatment of acute exacerbations and maintenance of hepatic encephalopathy (kills bacteria that produce ammonia); also used for Traveler's diarrhea and IBS Lactulose - CORRECT ANSWER-laxative that helps to excrete ammonia levels associated with hepatic encephalopathy A patient with cirrhosis is being treated for hepatic encephalopathy. His mental status is not improving, despite a normalizing ammonia level. Which intervention is most important that the nurse take? - CORRECT ANSWER-- assess other possible causes of the mental status level by reviewing creatinine, electrolytes, etc. X administering lactulose or rifaximin would be inappropriate due to the normalizing ammonia levels X kidney malfunction is likely with portal HTN thus creatinine levels might increase A client with acute myeloid lymphoma develops splenomegaly. What explanation should the nurse give for this? - CORRECT ANSWER-The leukemia cells have infiltrated the spleen. A patient's pacemaker insertion site begins to ooze blood. What should the client be assessed for? - CORRECT ANSWER-Disseminated Intravascular Coagulopathy Normal conduction pathway of the heart - CORRECT ANSWER-SA NODE-- internodal pathways-- AV NODE-- bundle of His -- R & L bundle branches -- purkinje fibers A client is experiencing rapid respirations and difficulty swallowing. The nurse determines the client is experiencing an alteration in which brain structure? - CORRECT ANSWER-Brain Stem-- controls cardiac and pulmonary function Treatment for third spacing - CORRECT ANSWER-replace fluids with colloids during the initial stage of fluid loss; when in the reabsorption phase (after 72 hrs) then restrict fluids and give diuretics, as well as monitor vitals Pneumonia - CORRECT ANSWER-Bacterial infection of the lungs resulting in inflammation and formation of thick exudate, along with crackles. Diabetes Insipidus - CORRECT ANSWER-Deficiency of ADH (vasopressin) or a nephrogenic resistance to ADH - results in: polyuria, polydipsia, low specific gravity, HYPERNATREMIA Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus - CORRECT ANSWER-insufficient production or secretion of ADH due to a lesion on the hypothalamus or pituitary (chain of ADH secretion) frontal lobe function - CORRECT ANSWER-involved in motor function: problem solving, memory, judgment, impulse control Elevated monocytes indicate - CORRECT ANSWER-chronic inflammatory disorders Virchow's Triad - CORRECT ANSWER-Risk factors for a pulmonary embolism; blood stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoagulability state Beck's Triad - CORRECT ANSWER-hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds/tachycardia - manifestations of cardiac tamponade Anion Gap - CORRECT ANSWER-= Na - (Cl + HCO3) Normal is between 8 and 12 Type 1 hypersensitivity - CORRECT ANSWER-IgE mediated hypersensitivity Ex: Allergies A patient with ARDS is intubated and placed on mechanical ventilation. What intervention would be indicated for the patient when their PaO2 is 58? - CORRECT ANSWER-Add PEEP-- maintains the the patient's airway pressure after expiration to prevent collapse and increase residual volume for gas exchange A client with increasing intracranial pressure is demonstrating a change in body temperature and fluid balance. Which structure is being affected? - CORRECT ANSWER-Hypothalamus-- part of the diencephalon; regulates electrolytes and water balance, as well as temperature; secretes many hormones, including TRH, CRH, Dopamine What physiological processes result from a pulmonary embolus? - CORRECT ANSWER-- neurohormonal reflexes are triggered due to an obstruction -- vasoconstriction and increased PVR -- pulmonary HTN, RHF Function of Serotonin (5HT) - CORRECT ANSWER-Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal Pulsus Paradoxus - CORRECT ANSWER-drop in blood pressure 10 mmHg with inspiration related to cardiac tamponade; intra-thoracic pressure decreases with inspiration, resulting in increased venous return; heart sounds may be heard, but the radial pulse cannot be felt Prinzmetal angina - CORRECT ANSWER-drop in blood flow through the coronary arteries caused by a vasospasm in the artery; caused chest pain unrelated to exertion that occurs at rest Migraines are a manifestation of ____________ ____________ and are associated with ____________ __________. - CORRECT ANSWER-arterial vasospasm; prinzmetal angin