NR 228 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2023 COMPLETE EXAM

What are some causes of fluid retention? (select all that apply) - ANSWER A. Excess sodium/sodium retention B. Kwashiorkor C. Water intoxication What can cause a sodium deficiency? (select all that apply) Dehydration Hypernatremia Diarrhea Liver Disease - ANSWER A. Dehydration C. Diarrhea What are some ways to treat GERD? Lay down after meals Avoid big meals Avoid tight clothing Avoid high fat foods Eat chocolate to ease stomach - ANSWER B, C, D Which of the following are monosaccharides? Glucose Sucruose Fructose Galactose Maltose - ANSWER A, C, D Which of the following are disaccharides? Glucose Sucrose Maltose Galactose Lactose - ANSWER B, C, E Glucose is the main source of energy for ? - ANSWER the brain and nerves What is the sweetest artificial sweetener? - ANSWER Sunette Which of the following are sources of complex carbohydrates? (select all that apply) Grapes Grains Legumes Apples Potatoes - ANSWER B,C,E What complications are related to gestational diabetes? (select all that apply) premature birth congenital abnormalities fetal death type 2 diabetes later in mother macrosomia - ANSWER A. premature birth congenital abnormalities fetal death type 2 diabetes later in mother macrosomia What could cause infant hypoglycemia? - ANSWER When the mother had consistently high blood sugar during pregnancy so the baby gets used to having high blood sugar and gets used to producing high levels of insulin What are the fat soluble vitamins? - ANSWER A, D, E, K What are some food sources for monounsaturated fatty acids? - ANSWER olive oil, peanuts, avocado, canola oil What are some food sources for polyunsaturated fatty acids? - ANSWER vegetable oils, fish, margarine, What type of cholesterol increases risk of CAD when elevated? - ANSWER LDL Where are nonessential amino acids found? - ANSWER created in the body When is a positive nitrogen balance common? - ANSWER growing children, pregnant women, people recovering from illness or injury When is a negative nitrogen balance common? - ANSWER aging adults, physical illness, extreme stress, starvation, surgery, eating disorders What effect does the acid- base balance have on proteins? - ANSWER if acid- base balance gets off then proteins become denatured and are not able to perform their usual functions Whats the function of hemoglobin? - ANSWER transports oxygen in the blood What is a complete protein? - ANSWER contains all nine essential amino acids What are some food sources for complete proteins? (select all that apply). Meats Dark green veggies Eggs Dairy products Fruits - ANSWER A, C, D What are high quality proteins? - ANSWER contain best balance of essential amino acids and are easily digested What are food sources for high quality protein? - ANSWER Eggs, human milk What is an incomplete protein? - ANSWER lacks one or more EAA and will not support life