ELECTROLYTES PCCN EXAM | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+ELECTROLYTES PCCN EXAM | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+

1 ELECTROLYTES PCCN EXAM | QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED) | LATEST UPDATE | GRADED A+ Causes: renal failure over-replacement cell-damage/shift out of cells (acidosis, hemolysis, sepsis, chemo) spironolactone therapy S/S: bradycardia termors/twitching N/V peaked T waves, short ST seg, blocks Correct Answer: Hyperkalemia Treatment for hyperkalemia Correct Answer: kayexelate insulin/glucose/HCO2/Ca++ Dialysis Aerosol albuterol 2 Causes: Poor PO intake Renal loss (diuretics, renal tubular necrosis),amphot. B GI loss; diarrhea, vomiting Shift into cells (excessive insulin admin in DKA, alkalosis) S/S: Tachycardia Hypotensions Flaccid muscles FLAT T waves long ST seg PVCs Correct Answer: Hypokalemia Treatment for hypokalemia Correct Answer: Oral replacement IV S/S: anorexia, N/V Coma 3 acute renal failure flaccid mucles SHORT ST seg/QT Correct Answer: Hypercalcemia Treatment of hypercalcemia Correct Answer: Fluids/Lasix PO or IV phosphate Causes: surgical hypoparathyroidism malabsorption acute pancreatitis renal failure vit D deficiency hypoalbuminemia too much banked blood S/S Laryngeal spasm seizures/muscle cramps hypotension 4 hyperactive reflexes Trousseau's sign Chvostek's sign LONG QT FLAT ST seg Correct Answer: Hypocalcemia Treatment of hypocalcemia Correct Answer: POIV calcium gluconate Potassium and calcium are inversely proportional to Correct Answer: serum pH Causes: renal disease adrenal insufficiency S/S: flushing/hypotension bradycardia respiratory depression 5 hypoactive reflexes CNS depression Correct Answer: Hypomagnesemia Causes: chronic renal failure pancreatitis hepatic cirrhosis GI losses Alcoholism treatment of DKA S/S: Increased reflexes +Trousseau's/Chvostek's Tacycardia LONG PRI/QT WIDE QRS ST depression Inverted T waves Correct Answer: Hypomagnesemia 6 Treatment of hypomagnesemia Correct Answer: Dietary replacement IV Mg++ is vasodilator 24 hr urine _____ level may be helpful in assessing deficiency Correct Answer: magnesium Causes: renal failure chemo lactic acidosis S/S: Usually asymptomatic numbness/tingling of hands/mouth muscle spasms precipitation of Ca++ salts can lead to hypocalcemia Correct Answer: Hyperphosphatemia 7 Causes: refeeding syndrome Ca++/Mg++ deficiency Acute respiratory disorders ETOH DKA, insulin admin S/S hemolysis, anemia muscle pain, weakness respiratory muscle weakness decreased LOC, paresthesia Correct Answer: Hypophosphatemia Causes: Diabetic Insipidus increased insensible losses w/out replacement of water S/S Thirst CNS depression 8 Correct Answer: Hypernatremia Treatment of hypernatremia Correct Answer: Water replacement ADH for DI Causes: water ingestion 25 L/day defect in renal diluting ability post op fluid admin/non-osmotic ADH release Drugs (NSAIDS/Oxytocin) S/S edema Correct Answer: Hyponatremia Treatment of hyponatremia Correct Answer: water restriction sodium replacement