WGU C172 Network and Security – Foundations Exam Questions with 100% Complete Solutions, Rated to Pass

protocol - The set of rules established for users to exchange information topology - The network architecture used to interconnect the networking equipment deterministic network - Each station connected to the network is ensured access for transmission of its messages at regular or fixed time intervals bus topology - The computers share the media (coaxial cable) for data transmission ThinNet - The coaxial cable used in a bus network. star topology - Twisted-pair cables connect the devices to a central hub or switch hub - A multiport repeater device used at the center of a star topology multiport repeater - The data it receives is broadcast and seen by all devices connected to its ports. A hub. broadcast - Transmission of data by a hub to all devices connected to its ports switch - Device used at the center of a star topology that forwards a frame it receives directly out the port associated with its destination address mesh topology - All networking devices are directly connected to each other, allows for full redundancy OSI model - The seven layers describing network functions Physical layer - Provides the electrical and mechanical connection to the network (cabling, NICs). 1st OSI layer Data link layer - Handles error recovery, flow control (synchronization), and sequencing (MAC, Ethernet). 2nd OSI layer Network layer - Accepts outgoing messages and combines messages or segments into packets, adding a header that includes routing information (IP, IPX). 3rd OSI layer Transport layer - Concerned with message integrity between source and destination (TCP, UDP). 4th OSI layer Session layer - Provides the control functions necessary to establish, manage, and terminate the connections (NSF, SQL). 5th OSI layer Presentation layer - Accepts and structures the messages for the application (ASCII, JPEG). 6th OSI layer Application layer - Interacts with application programs that incorporate a communication component such as your Internet browser and email (HTTP, FTP, SMTP). 7th OSI layer 3 basic steps to isolate network problem - Is the connection to the machine down? (layer 1) Is the network down? (layer 3) Is a service on a specific machine down? (layer 7) CSMA/CD - The Ethernet LAN media-access method, carrier sense multiple access with collision detection Ethernet - LAN protocol created in 1972 and standardized in 1980 using CSMA/CD. Frame - Contains the header, data, and trailer (the padding and 4-byte CRC frame check sequence) Frame header - Consists of the preamble, start frame delimiter, destination and source addresses, and length/type field 64 bytes - Minimum length of an Ethernet frame 1518 bytes - Maximum length of an Ethernet frame MAC address - A unique 6-byte/48-bit address assigned by the vendor of the network interface card displayed in 12 hex digits Organizationally unique identifier (OUI) - The first 3 bytes of the MAC address that identifies the manufacturer of the network hardware ipconfig /all - Enables the MAC address information to be displayed from the command prompt IANA - The agency that assigns IP addresses to computer networks IP address - Unique 32-bit address that identifies on which network the computer is located as well as differentiates the computer from all other devices on the same network Class A networks - Governments, very large networks. Range from 0.0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255. Example: 44.x.x.x Class B networks - Midsize companies, universities, and so on. Range from 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.255.255. Example: 128.123.x.x Class C networks - Small networks. Range from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 Example: 192.168.1.x Class D networks - Reserved for multicast groups. Range from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Example: 224.x.x.x Class E networks - Experimental, not used on the Internet. Range from 240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.255 Network number - The portion of the IP address that defines which network the IP packet is originating from or being delivered to