MGT Midterm Exam Solution.

Management - correct answer attainment of organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources. Planning - correct answer the management function concerned with defining goals for future performance and how to attain them. Organizing - correct answer assigning tasks, grouping tasks into departments, and allocating resources. Leading - correct answer using influence to motivate employees to achieve the organization's goals. Controlling - correct answer concerned with monitoring employees' activities, keeping the organization on track toward meeting its goals and making corrections as necessary Organization - correct answer social entity that is goal directed and deliberately structured Efficiency - correct answer pertains to the amount of resources (raw materials, money and people) used to produce a desired volume of output Effectiveness - correct answer refers to the degree to which the organization achieves a stated goal Performance - correct answer defined as the organization's ability to attain its goal by using resources in an efficient and effective manner Conceptual skill - correct answer cognitive ability to see the organization as a whole and the relationship among its parts Human skill - correct answer refers to a manager's ability to work with and through other people and to work effectively as part of a group Technical skill - correct answer understanding of and proficiency in the performance of specific tasks Top manager - correct answer one who is at the apex of the organizational hierarchy and is responsible for the entire organization First line managers - correct answer managers at the first or second level of the hierarchy and are directly responsible for overseeing groups of production employees Functional manager - correct answer manager responsible for a department that performs a single functional task such as financing or marketing General manager - correct answer manager responsible for several departments that perform different functions Social forces - correct answer aspects of a society that guide and influence relationships among people such as their values, needs and standards of behavior Political forces - correct answer influences of political and legal institutions on people and organizations Economic forces - correct answer affect the availability, production and distribution of a society's resources Classical perspective - correct answer modern management, took a rational, scientific approach to management and sough to turn organizations into efficient operating machines Scientific management - correct answer sub field of the classical perspective; emphasized scientifically determined changes in management practices as to the solution to labor productivity Bureaucratic organizations approach - correct answer emphasizes management on an impersonal, rational basis through elements such as clearly defined authority and responsibility, formal record keeping and separation of management Administrative principles approach - correct answer sub field of classical perspective ; focuses on the total organization rather than the individual worker human relations movement - correct answer stresses the satisfaction of employees' basic needs as the key to increased productivity human resources perspective - correct answer suggests that jobs should be designed to met peoples highers level needs by allowing employees to use their full potential behavioral science approach - correct answer draws from psychology, sociology, and other social sciences to develop theories about human behavior and interaction in an organizational setting management science - correct answer quantitative perspective; mathematics, statistical techniques and computer technology to facilitate management decision making, for complex problems Systems thinking - correct answer means looking not just at discrete parts of an organizational situation, but also at the continually changing interactions among the parts contingency view - correct answer tells managers that what works in one organizational situation might not work in others Total quality management - correct answer focuses on managing the total organization to deliver quality to customers Customer relationship management - correct answer use information technology to keep in close touch with customers, collect and manage large amounts of customer data and provide superior customer value Boundary-spanning roles - correct answer link to and coordinate the organization with key elements in the external environment