Hygiene essay 19 - PMU state exam
What is nutrition? - ANSis the total sum of the processes involved in taking in of nutrients and
assimilating them into the body so that the body functions properly and health is maintained
What are nutrients? - ANSOrganic and inorganic chemicals in food that supply energy
What are proteins ? - ANSproteins are complex organic nitrogenous compounds made up of
smaller units called amino acids
functions or proteins - ANS-muscle building
-repair and maintenance of body tissues
-maintain osmotic pressure
-synthesis of other substances - enzymes, haemoglobin, antibodies, hormones, coag factors
etc.
-source of energry (4cal/gram)
Sources of Proteins - ANSanimal sources - diary products, fish, meats
vegetable sources - pulses, beans, cereals (poor in essential amino acids)
protein requirements - ANSAdults: 0.8g/kg body weight
children aged 1-19: 1.1-0.85 g/kg
What are fats? - ANSmacronutrients used to produce energy in the body (high energry in small
volume)
Types of fats? - ANStriglycerides, phospholipids, sterols
Functions of fat? - ANSHigh energy storage (9kcal/g), serve as transport for fat soluble vitamins,
cell membranes, hormones, insulation
Sources of Fat - ANSAnimal fats; diary and fish oils
Vegetable fats; seeds of plants mostly and nuts
Fat requirements - ANS10-15% of total energy intake of which 10% should be saturated fats.
cholestrol <300mg
What are carbohydrates? - ANSmain source of energy for the body made of complex and
simple sugars
Functions of Carbohydrates - ANSprimary energy source for energy; balance protein & fat
metabolism; fiber: important for bowel fx, waste elimination & blood sugar control; liver detox
What is nutrition? - ANSis the total sum of the processes involved in taking in of nutrients and
assimilating them into the body so that the body functions properly and health is maintained
What are nutrients? - ANSOrganic and inorganic chemicals in food that supply energy
What are proteins ? - ANSproteins are complex organic nitrogenous compounds made up of
smaller units called amino acids
functions or proteins - ANS-muscle building
-repair and maintenance of body tissues
-maintain osmotic pressure
-synthesis of other substances - enzymes, haemoglobin, antibodies, hormones, coag factors
etc.
-source of energry (4cal/gram)
Sources of Proteins - ANSanimal sources - diary products, fish, meats
vegetable sources - pulses, beans, cereals (poor in essential amino acids)
protein requirements - ANSAdults: 0.8g/kg body weight
children aged 1-19: 1.1-0.85 g/kg
What are fats? - ANSmacronutrients used to produce energy in the body (high energry in small
volume)
Types of fats? - ANStriglycerides, phospholipids, sterols
Functions of fat? - ANSHigh energy storage (9kcal/g), serve as transport for fat soluble vitamins,
cell membranes, hormones, insulation
Sources of Fat - ANSAnimal fats; diary and fish oils
Vegetable fats; seeds of plants mostly and nuts
Fat requirements - ANS10-15% of total energy intake of which 10% should be saturated fats.
cholestrol <300mg
What are carbohydrates? - ANSmain source of energy for the body made of complex and
simple sugars
Functions of Carbohydrates - ANSprimary energy source for energy; balance protein & fat
metabolism; fiber: important for bowel fx, waste elimination & blood sugar control; liver detox
