PHI2600 Ethics - Final Exam - Broward College Questions and answers 100% VERIFIED

Most philosophers believe that intentions are important when judging the morality of an action, but for utilitarians the sole criterion is the action's consequences. - ANSWERTrue Which of the following expressions would you be most likely to hear utilitarians using to justify their actions? - ANSWER"The ends justify the means." Which of the following factors should be taken into consideration when performing Bentham's utilitarian calculus? - ANSWERThe intensity of pleasure. In the early 1960s during times of revolution, rape, rampage, and chaos in certain areas of the world, the Roman Catholic Church hierarchy supplied its nuns with birth control pills. The reasoning was that, although the church opposed use of the Pill, the risk of rape and resultant pregnancy was so great as to override religious objections to the Pill. This justification illustrates what sort of ethical system? - ANSWERUtilitarian Regarding the confinement raising of chickens for food, Jeremy Bentham would most likely argue that it is - ANSWERNot morally acceptable because chickens experience pain. According to utilitarianism individual happiness is the highest moral good. People achieve happiness by pursuing their rational self-interests. Therefore, people ought to pursue their rational self-interests. - ANSWERFalse Which of the following did Mill regard as our most important moral duty/right? - ANSWERNonmaleficence Suppose that an anti-abortionist assassinates an abortionist, claiming that, "The end justifies the means: It is better to kill one human now, than to allow that person to kill many humans (perform abortions) in the future." This assassin's reasoning adheres to which ethical system. - ANSWERUtilitarian To a rule-utilitarian, we should in any particular situation, follow the rule that in general brings about the greatest happiness for the greatest number. - ANSWERTrue Utilitarians would support voluntary euthanasia, especially when the pain in a person's life outweighs the pleasure that he or she derives from living. - ANSWERTrue According to which ethical system does the rightness or wrongness of an act depend on the act itself and not on its consequences? - ANSWERDeontological system Deontologist S. Bok suggests that, although lying is generally wrong, there may be isolated cases where the duty to lie conflicts with the more important duty to protect innocent human life. In these cases, lying may be morally justified. This view will lead to the notion of: - ANSWERPrima facie duties. The development of proper self-esteem (the duty of self-improvement) in deontology requires that we: - ANSWERCultivate the good will. Which of the following, according to Kant, is a characteristic of moral maxims and duties? - ANSWERThey are universally binding. According to prima facie deontologists, a moral duty is binding unless it: - ANSWERConflicts with a more compelling moral duty