HUBS 191 Full Exam with Complete and Verified Solutions

HUBS 191 Full Exam with Complete and Verified Solutions Define Homeostasis -Answer-The tendency of the body to seek and maintain a condition of balance or equilibrium within its internal environment, even when faced with external changes [lect 1] Why is extracellular fluid (ECF) regulated in multicellular organisms ? -Answer-So that the body is able to function in the optimal desired state. [lect 1] normal reference range for Sodium in ECF -Answer-135 - 145 mmol/L [lect 1] normal reference range for Calcium in ECF -Answer-2.2 - 2.6 mmol/L [lect 1] normal reference range for Glucose in ECF -Answer-Fasting = 3.5 - 6 mmol/L Non-fasting = 3.5 - 8 mmol/L [lect 1] normal reference range for Potassium in ECF -Answer-3.5 - 5 mmol/L [lect 1] normal reference range for pH in ECF -Answer-7.35 - 7.45 [lect 1] normal reference range for the Core Body Temperature -Answer-36 - 37.5 degrees celsius [lect 1] Outline selected transport mechanisms across cell membranes -Answer-Simple Diffusion (e.g osmosis) - passive Carrier Mediated Passive Transport ( Diffusion Channels ) Primary Active Transport Endocytosis Exocytosis [lect 1] Osmosis -Answer-The net movement of water across a membrane towards a lower concentration (higher solute concentration) until equilibrium is reached. [lect 1] Osmolarity -Answer-Total number of solute particles per litre of solution [lect 1] Tonicity -Answer-The effect that a solution has on cell volume