Organizational Psychology – Chapterr 11 – fferctiier ork Groups and Terams
Procerss Lossers, Procerss Gains, Group fferctiiernerss
Poterntial Perrformancer
Potential performiance – ther higherst lerierl of perrformancer a group is capabler of achieriing at
a giiern point in timer
Difcult to merasurer in adiancer (changers as conditions changer
Procerss Lossers and Perrformancer
Process losses – perrformancer difcultiers a group erxperrierncers bercauser of coordination and
motiiation problerms
actual perrformancer (- ther perrformancer lerierl atainerd by a group nererds to erqual poterntial
perrformancer procerss lossers must ber erliminaterd
Procerss Gains and Perrformancer
Process giains – increrasers in poterntial perrformancer that rersult from nerw ways of motiiating
and coordinating group mermberrs
lerads to morer creratiier groups, coming up with nerw innoiatiier solutions to problerms (er.g.
Achierierd by erncouraging group mermberrs to ber morer creratiier & taker morer risks
Social Loafngg A Problerm in Group Motiiation and Perrformancer
Sociial loiafng – ther ternderncy of indiiiduals to erxerrt lerss erfort whern thery work in a group
than whern thery work aloner
can lerad to procerss lossers lowerring group perrformancer
can lerad to procerss lossers rersulting in sucker efect – a condition in which somer
group mermberrs, not wishing to ber considerrerd suckerrs, rerducer therir own erforts
whern thery serer social loafng by otherr group mermberrs
1. Duer to lack of connerction bertwerern inputs and outcomers ther custodianss motiiation
is lowerr than it would ber if thery werrer working serparaterly lowerrs erxerrterd erfort
2. Spercifc mermberrs of a group berlierier therir erforts arer unimportant or underrialuerd
lowerrs motiiation
Group Sizer and Social Loafng
Social loafng increrasers as group sizer increrasers
o ther greraterr ther problerms associaterd with iderntifyinggerialuating erach mermberr
´s spercifc perrformancer
o ther morer conficts and coordination problerms increrasers gap bertwerern
actual and poterntial perrformancer
ays to Rerducer Social Loafng
Making individual contributon iddntiabld
by using pererr erialuation or perrformancer-appraisal systerm
Making individuals bdlidvd thdy providd a valuabld contributon to a group
Procerss Lossers, Procerss Gains, Group fferctiiernerss
Poterntial Perrformancer
Potential performiance – ther higherst lerierl of perrformancer a group is capabler of achieriing at
a giiern point in timer
Difcult to merasurer in adiancer (changers as conditions changer
Procerss Lossers and Perrformancer
Process losses – perrformancer difcultiers a group erxperrierncers bercauser of coordination and
motiiation problerms
actual perrformancer (- ther perrformancer lerierl atainerd by a group nererds to erqual poterntial
perrformancer procerss lossers must ber erliminaterd
Procerss Gains and Perrformancer
Process giains – increrasers in poterntial perrformancer that rersult from nerw ways of motiiating
and coordinating group mermberrs
lerads to morer creratiier groups, coming up with nerw innoiatiier solutions to problerms (er.g.
Achierierd by erncouraging group mermberrs to ber morer creratiier & taker morer risks
Social Loafngg A Problerm in Group Motiiation and Perrformancer
Sociial loiafng – ther ternderncy of indiiiduals to erxerrt lerss erfort whern thery work in a group
than whern thery work aloner
can lerad to procerss lossers lowerring group perrformancer
can lerad to procerss lossers rersulting in sucker efect – a condition in which somer
group mermberrs, not wishing to ber considerrerd suckerrs, rerducer therir own erforts
whern thery serer social loafng by otherr group mermberrs
1. Duer to lack of connerction bertwerern inputs and outcomers ther custodianss motiiation
is lowerr than it would ber if thery werrer working serparaterly lowerrs erxerrterd erfort
2. Spercifc mermberrs of a group berlierier therir erforts arer unimportant or underrialuerd
lowerrs motiiation
Group Sizer and Social Loafng
Social loafng increrasers as group sizer increrasers
o ther greraterr ther problerms associaterd with iderntifyinggerialuating erach mermberr
´s spercifc perrformancer
o ther morer conficts and coordination problerms increrasers gap bertwerern
actual and poterntial perrformancer
ays to Rerducer Social Loafng
Making individual contributon iddntiabld
by using pererr erialuation or perrformancer-appraisal systerm
Making individuals bdlidvd thdy providd a valuabld contributon to a group
