Environmental Health Exam 1 - Questions and Answers

Environmental Health Exam 1 - Questions and Answers The effects of rapid growth of the world's population include A. Urbanization B. Overtaxing carrying capacity C. Food insecurity D. Loss of biodiversity E. All of the above The environment plays a role in human health through associations with A. Acute conditions B. Allergic responses C. Disability D. Chronic disease E. All of the above The epidemiologic risk transition is characterized by a A. Population comprised of predominantly young individuals B. Growing burden of chronic, degenerative diseases C. Rapid increase in population D. High mortality rates E. None of the above The natural population replacement fertility rate in the U.S. is estimated to be A. 2.1 births per woman B. 2.9 births per woman C. 3.1 births per woman D. 3.9 births per woman E. 3.5 births per woman Which of the following outcomes is not usually associated with world population growth? A. Prosperity B. Pollution C. Poverty D. Urban crowding E. Increases in infectious diseases Which of the following statements is untrue about ecosystems? A. Human beings are not considered to be a part of ecosystems. B. An ecosystem is a dynamic complex of plant, animal, and microorganism communities. C. A temporary pond in a hollow tree can be an ecosystem. D. Ecosystems are being degraded rapidly. E. The interconnected components of an ecosystem are in a steady state. According to Healthy People 2010, the social environment includes A. Air, water, and soil B. Chemical, biological, and physical agents C. Housing, transportation, urban development D. Work-related stress, injury, and violence During April, 2009, a Texas community reported 87 cases of H1N1 associated influenza. Ultimately, 9 fatal cases of H1N1 occurred during this same month. There were 4 other fatalities. The CFR associated with H1N1 during April was A. 13/97 times 100 B. 4/9 times 100 C. 9/87 times 100 D. 13/87 times 100 E. 4/87 times 100 Examples of purely observational epidemiologic studies do not usually include A. Experimental studies B. Cohort studies C. Counts D. Case series E. Cross-sectional studies Hill's criteria of causality include: A. Strength B. Consistency C. Temporality D. Biological gradient E. All of the above Identify the historical figure who was among the first to expound on the role of environmental factors in causing diseases: A. Sir Percival Pott B. John Snow C. Hippocrates D. KJ Rothman E. Socrates John Snow, in Snow on Cholera A. Was the father of modern biostatistics B. Established postulates for transmission of infectious disease C. Was an English anesthesiologist who used natural experiments D. Argued that the environment was associated with diseases such as malaria E. Was a London surgeon who identified an environmental cause of cancer