501 Study Guide 2024 Questions and Answers

501 Study Guide 2024 Questions and Answers Biomechanical FOR - Answer-attempt to restor/develop skills in the client rather than compensate for lack of ability focus on strength, ROM, endurance with intact CNS musculoskeletal Rehabilitative FOR - Answer-focus on returning a client participation with current abilities and modifying environment most often used when clients are less likely to recover client factors/short on time sagittal plane axis and motions - Answer-frontal axis flexion and extension frontal plane axis and motions - Answer-sagittal axis add/abduction radial/ulnar deviation transverse plane axis and motion - Answer-vertical axis rotation, horizontal add/abduction, pronation/supination, IR/ER kinesiology - Answer-study of movement and forces applied kinetics - Answer-study of forces that impact motion gravity, friction, mm actions kinematics - Answer-study of motion in terms of mechanical elements (time/space) osteo vs artho osteokinematics - Answer-gross movements of bones in relation to one another arthrokinematics - Answer-internal joint patterns, motions at joint surfaces during movement open-chain - Answer-movement when the proximal portion of the limb is fixed, and distal portion is not promotes mobility - generally less mm recruitment i.e jumping jack, writing, eating, driving, kicking soccer ball closed-chain - Answer-movement when the distal portion of the limb is fixed, and the proximal portion is not promote stability - generally more mm recruitment i.e push up, squatting agonist - Answer-prime mover synergist - Answer-help prime mover antagonist - Answer-opposing mm fixator - Answer-stabilizer against vs across gravity - Answer-plane/position of client changes impact of gravity eccentric - Answer-mm lengthening concentric - Answer-mm shortening isometric - Answer-mm hold force couple - Answer-several forces working in different directions to produce a motion to stabilize a joint vectors DONT cross 3 mms work together to rotate the scapula resultant force - Answer-sum of magnitudes and directions of multiple intersecting forces acting on an object parallelogram more linear i.e dynamic MCP extension stress-strain relationship - Answer-stress- amount of applied force per area strain- amount of material displacement under a specific amount of stress as stress increases, tissues deform, eventually to tissue failure internal force - Answer-forces that act on structures of the body and arise from the body's own structures (within our body) most recognized for initiation of movement (mms), but also responsible for stability to counter external forces active and nonactive contractive tissue (mms/ ligs, bone) external force - Answer-forces from outside the body that have contact with the body in order to generate force (happens to the body) can move, stabilize, or injur ie gravity, weight, friction, manual resistance, exercise equipment rotary force - Answer-curved motion of a segment around a fixed path, rare to occur in isolation in the human body determined by strength and distance the force is applied in relation to movement arm tensile force - Answer-when all forces occur along the same line of pull pulling apart/traction compressive force - Answer-when all forces occur along the same line of pull compressed/pulled toward each other ie force of gravity pulling us down *most common in human body shear force - Answer-not in the same line of pull forces acting parallel to each other, can cause damage to tissue "scooching/sliding" in wheelchair how to modify activities and exercises to align with the various planes of gravity - Answer-against - things move up across - move horizontal with - things move down moment arm - Answer-distance between the force and axis torque - Answer-a force that produces rotation of an object about an axis longer MA = more or less torque - Answer-more how is torque determined - Answer-T= FxMA how to change amount of torque - Answer-increase force increase moment arm moment arm is longest when - Answer-perpendicular with axis mechanical advantage (MA) - Answer-relationship between EA and RA effectiveness of lever EA/RA MA 1 - Answer-increased MA 2nd class lever EA is further away from axis = more torque MA 1 - Answer-decreased MA 3rd class lever load/resistance will have better advantage