ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+

ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM 2024 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+ A 50-year-old male is admitted an acute myocardial infarction. His ejection fraction is noted to be 30%. He develops shortness of breath and his physical exam reveals crackles bilaterally. The bedside CXR indicates pulmonary edema. Which of the following best describes the pathological cause of the edema? A. Increased hydrostatic pressure B. Decreased plasma osmotic pressure C. Increased cardiac output D. Decreased central venous pressure - ..ANSWER...Increased hydrostatic pressure The direction of blood flow and the clinical severity of symptoms in Tetralogy of Fallot is determined primarily by the: A. Presence of an atrial septal defect B. Diameter of the tricuspid valve C. Size of the left ventricle D. Degree of pulmonary stenosis - ..ANSWER...Degree of Pulmonary stenosis A 36-year-old female presents to the ED with the chief complaint of acute SOB and anxiety that started suddenly 2 to 3 hours ago while she was working around the house. She denies chest pain. Her PMH is unremarkable. She takes oral contraceptives, but no other medications. Vital signs are temperature=99.1, RR=34, BP=148/90, pulse=100. Oxygen saturation is 94% on room air. Laboratory tests reveal WBC=7.1, Hgb=12.2, Hct=37.3, Na+=138, K+=4.7, Cl=109, HCO3=25, BUN=14, Cr=0.9, glucose=106. ABGs are obtained and reveal pH=7.52, HCO3=20, PaCO2=26, PaO2=70. CXR and ECG are normal. What type of acid base disorder does the patient suffer from? A. Respiratory alkalosis B. Respiratory acidosis C. Metabolic alkalosis D. Metabolic acidosis - ..ANSWER...Respiratory alkalosis A 65-year-old male is brought for care by his wife because of headache, nausea, and fatigue. PMH is significant for small cell carcinoma of the lung diagnosed approximately 2 years ago. He also has a history of TIA (6 years ago) and mild CHF. Vital signs are as follow: temperature=99.8F, RR=18, BP=140/88, pulse=76. On examination, he is awake but somewhat lethargic. Physical examination is unremarkable. Laboratory tests reveal the following: WBC=8.3, Hgb/Hct=10.2/30.7, glucose=106, serum Na+=121 mEq/L, K+=4.3, BUN/Cr= 7.0/0.4. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti-diuretic Hormone (SIADH) B. Diabetic ketoacidosis C. Diabetes Insipidus D. Compensated diastolic congestive heart failure - ..ANSWER...SIADH Leo is a 40-year-old male who presents to the clinic with complaints of shortness of breath while doing yard work. He states he has had worsening of the shortness of breath throughout the summer. He states when he was younger, he had shortness of breath and coughed a lot at night. He was given an inhaler for a few years, but he hasn't had any trouble since he was about nine years old. Which findings are most suggestive of a diagnosis of asthma? A. Dry cough during exam, respiratory rate of 20 breaths/minute, and wheezing upon auscultation of posterior lower lung lobes. B. Dry cough noted during the exam, Sp02=96%, FEV1 80% predicted, and FEV1 increased 15% after administration of a short-acting bronchodilator. C. Bilateral wheezing noted on auscultation, Sp02=95%, and heart rate of 86 D. Pale, boggy nasal turbinates, dry cough, FEV1 80% predicted and FEV1 increased 5% after administration of a short-acting broncho - ..ANSWER...Dry cough noted during exam, Sp02=96%, FEV1 80% predicted, and FEV1 increased 15% after administration of short acting bronchodilator. Which of the following symptoms is generally NOT considered a typical finding in someone with active tuberculosis infection?