TNCC question and answer already passed.pdf

Energy forces: Tension - ansforces stretch by pulling at opposite ends. Example: Tensile strength describes the tissues ability to resist pulling apart when stretched. Tendons, ligaments, and muscles can tear when they are overstretched (Achilles tendon) Energy Forces: Compression - ansCompression forces crush by squeezing together. Example: Injuries to organs occur when the organs are crushed from surrounding internal organs or structures such as a seat belt worn up across the abdomen, causing compression of the small bowel or a fracture to the lumbar spine. Energy Forces: Bending - ansLoading about an axis. Bending causes compression on the side the person is bending toward and tension to the opposite side. Example: A force moves from a straight form to a curved form, such as bending forward from a standing position. Energy Forces: Shearing - ansDamage by tearing or bending by exerting force at different parts in opposite directions at the same time. Example: Describes the tissues ability to resist a force applied parallel to the tissue. An aortic aneurysm is an example: As the aorta is stretched beyond its capacity, the vessel is torn away from the attachment. Energy Forces: Torsion - ansForces twist ends in opposite directions Twisting motion depends on the body's ability to resist applied torque. (A golfers spine twisting when swinging a golf club) Initial Assessment A- J mnemonic - ansHelps the trauma nurse rapidly assess for and intervene in life threatening injuries and identify all injuries in a systematic manner; it is the basis for the trauma nursing process. A-J Initial assessment steps - ansA: Across the room assessment for uncontrolled hemorrhage, Airway and Alertness with simultaneous cervical spinal stabilization B: Breathing and ventilation C: Circulation and Control of Hemorrhage D: Disability (Neurological status) E: Exposure and Environmental control F: Full set of vital signs and Family Presence G: Get monitoring devices and give comfort using mnemonic (LMNOP) L: laboratory studies (including arterial blood gases {ABGs} and serum lactate and obtain a specimen for blood type and cross match