AQA GCSE Biology B1

What are cells? - The building blocks of organisms Define eukaryotic cell - Cells that have a true nucleus Define prokaryotic cell - Cells that do not have a true nucleus What is in an animal cell? - Nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, mitochondria, ribosomes What is in a plant cell? - Same as animal plus: vacuole, chloroplasts, chlorophyll, cell wall What is in a yeast cell? - Same as animal plus: temporary vacuole, cell wall What is in a bacterial cell? - Cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, ribosomes, chromosomes, plasmid, capsule, flagellum Function of nucleus - The control centre of the cell, contains DNA Function of cytoplasm - Where chemical reactions take place Function of cell membrane - Controls the flow of substances into and out of the cell Function of mitochondria - Releases energy into the cell in respiration Function of ribosomes - Where protein synthesis takes place Function of vacuole - Keeps the cell turgid (filled with plant sap) Function of chlorophyll - Absorbed light energy in photosynthesis Function of cell wall - Provides structure for the cell, made of cellulose Function of chromosomes - Carries genetic information Function of plasmid - Carries genetic information Function of capsule - Protects against phagocytosis Function of flagellum - Helps the cell move