Test Bank for Concepts of Genetics 4th Edition By Robert Brooker Version 1 2 Student name:__________ 1) The basic unit of heredity is the ___________. A) individual B) gene C) macromolecule D) trait 2) A variation of a gene is called a(n) _______. A) spe

Test Bank for Concepts of Genetics 4th Edition By Robert Brooker Version 1 2 Student name:__________ 1) The basic unit of heredity is the ___________. A) individual B) gene C) macromolecule D) trait 2) A variation of a gene is called a(n) _______. A) species B) morph C) genome D) allele E) proteome 3) Which of the following acts to accelerate chemical reactions in a cell? A) nucleic acids B) lipids C) carbohydrates D) enzymes Version 1 3 4) The building blocks of DNA are _____________. A) amino acids B) carbohydrates C) enzymes D) nucleotides E) lipids 5) A cellular structure that contains genetic information is called a ___________. A) nucleotide B) genetic code C) chromosome D) nucleic acid 6) If a carbohydrate is going to be broken down for energy, which of the following molecules would be directly involved in the breakdown? A) enzymes B) nucleotides C) microtubules D) lipids E) chromosomes 7) RNA is formed by the process of _____________. Version 1 4 A) transcription B) translation C) both transcriptionand translation 8) A characteristic that an organism displays is called __________. A) a gene B) a chromosome C) DNA D) geneexpression E) a trait 9) If a geneticist is studying the prevalence of a trait in a species, they are at the _________ level of study. A) population B) organismal C) cellular D) molecular 10) The study of the processes of transcription and translation is at the _____ level of biological organization. Version 1 5 A) population B) organismal C) cellular D) molecular 11) Genetic variation is ultimately based upon which of the following? A) morphological differences B) variations in nucleotide sequence of the DNA C) carbohydrate content of the cell D) translation 12) A species that contains two copies of each chromosome is called _______. A) a geneticmutation B) a morph C) haploid D) diploid E) alleles 13) A diploid cell within an organism's body that is not a reproductive cell is _______. Version 1 6 A) a gamete B) a somatic cell C) an allele D) rare E) a sperm cell 14) In many organisms, one set of chromosomes comes from the maternal parent, while the other set comes from the paternal parent. Similar chromosomes in these sets are said to be _________. A) morphs B) alleles C) haploid D) homologs E) physiologicaltraits 15) In humans, gametes are different than other cells of the body in that they are _________. A) diploid B) haploid C) geneticmutations D) morphs 16) What is natural selection? Version 1 7 A) When nongenetically based traits are passed from one generation to the next B) A process that allows traits to remain the same over many generations C) A process in whichenvironmental constraints enable some phenotypes to be more successful than others D) When one phenotype is as successful as all other phenotypes 17) _______ is the use of the information in gene sequences to synthesize functional proteins that affect cellular characteristics. A) Loss-of-functionmutation B) Geneexpression C) The human genomeproject D) Proteomics 18) The differences in inherited traits among individuals in a population are called _______. A) speciesvariation B) genetic mutations C) geneticvariation D) naturalselection 19) Three populations of an organism, each with drastically different external markings, but still members of the same species, would be called _______. Version 1 8 A) homologs B) mutants C) communities D) alleles E) morphs 20) Which one of the following is NOT one of the general classes of macromolecules that are necessary for cellular function? A) nucleic acids B) proteins C) ions D) carbohydrates E) lipids 21) The changes in the genetic makeup of a population over time is called _______. A) homologousrecombination B) model organismsstudies C) geneticcrosses D) biologicalevolution E) hypothesistesting 22) Which of the following could be used to study the effects of drugs on gene expression? Version 1 9 A) population genetics B) transmission genetics C) molecular genetics D) quantitative genetics 23) Which of the following uses a genetic cross to determine patterns of inheritance? A) population genetics B) transmission genetics C) molecular genetics D) evolutionary genetics 24) The traits of an individual organism can be influenced by both genes and the ______. A) genome B) environment C) population size D) genetic variation within a population 25) Most cellular characteristics,such as structure and function, are the result ofthe synthesis and activity of different ______. Version 1 10 A) DNA B) carbohydrates C) lipids D) proteins 26) Genetics is an experimental, as opposed to theoretical, science because ______. A) hypotheses are tested byperformingexperiments B) hypotheses are tested by reviewing the literature to see what others have found C) no hypotheses are accepted or rejected unless they are voted on by a council of scientists D) it does not rely on observations but only hypothesis testing experiments 27) Performing a mating of two plants, one with a known genotype and the other with an unknown genotype, to determine the genotype of the individual with the unknown genotype would be an example what type of science? A) discovery-based science B) hypothesis testing C) unethical experimentation D) an impossible experiment 28) What is the first step that both scientists and students perform to answer questions in genetics? Version 1 11 A) Gathering background information B) Reaching a conclusion C) Analyzing data D) Performing an experiment 29) Mice have 20 chromosomes in their sperm cells. How many chromosomes does a somatic cell from a mouse contain? A) 20 B) 40 C) 10 D) 80 30) Chronic myelogenous leukemia cells are characterized by the so-called Philadelphia chromosome, which contains part of chromosome 22 fused with chromosome 9. The Philadelphia chromosome is the result of a translocation, in which two chromosomes exchange material. The genetic variation found in chronic myelogenous leukemia is therefore due to A) gene mutations. B) major alterations in the structure of a chromosome. C) variation in the total number of chromosomes.