Computer Essentials Final Exam Questions and Correct Answers 2024, Complete Verified Solution.

Computer Essentials Final Exam Questions and Correct Answers 2024, Complete Verified Solution. Copy Ctrl+C Paste Ctrl+V Cut Ctrl+X Undo Ctrl+Z Rename F2 Computer An electronic device that manipulated information or data Operating System a system that manages the computer's memory, processes, and all of its software and hardware Desktop The main screen you see when you log on, allows you to easily interact with your computer Start Menu The central link to your computer's links, files, and programs Taskbar located at the bottom of the screen and is used to launch and monitor applications Control Panel Gives you access to the system controls Application a type of software that allows you to perform specific tasks File Explorer the operating system's file and folder manager Hardware any part of the computer that has physical structure Software Any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do GUI Graphical User Interface, it lets you to interact with your computer How do you select contiguous and noncontiguous files? To select contiguous files you click+shift and go over the files, to select noncontiguous files you holds Ctrl and click the files you want. What is the difference between Delete and Shift Delete? If you delete a file it is sent to the recycle bin, if you shift+delete you permanently remove it What are Sticky Keys? A program that lets you do keyboard commands by pressing one key at a time In 1642, what did French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal invent? Slide Rule What is Charles Babbage known as? The father of the computer What is Ada Lovelace known as? The first computer programmer John Mauchly and John Eckert built the ________ computer. Its memory was primitive, it needed to be rewired every time it was programmed, and it couldn't make decisions based on calculations. ENIAC What company did Herman Hollerith establish? Tabulating Machine Company What is the Tabulating Machine Company known as today? IBM What did Herman Hollerith invent and why? The Tabulator, to help with the census What was the Enigma? German code machine. Used to encrypt radio messages What was the Colossus? British code breaking machine. Contained 2000 vacuum tubes. And could process 25,000 characters per second What is the 1st Generation of computers? Used vacuum tubes for circuitry and were enormous, literally taking up entire floors and costing a fortune to run. What are some characteristics of first generation computers? Vacuum tube technology. Unreliable. Supported machine language only. Very costly. Generated lots of heat and consumed lots of electricity. Slow input/output device. Huge size. Non-portable. Air conditioning was required What is the 2nd Generation of computers? Transistors replaced vacuum tubes. Made computers a little smaller, faster, and cheaper, but they still produced a lot of heat.They still relied on punched cards from input. This generation was the first to store instructions in memory. What are some characteristics of second generation computers? Use of transistors. Smaller size as compared to first generation computers -but still took up entire rooms. Generated a little less heat and consumed a little less electricity than first generation computers. Faster than first generation. Still very costly. Assembly language (used words). Cooling system was required What is the 3rd Generation of computers? Transistors were now being miniaturized and put on silicon chips.This led to a massive increase in speed and efficiency. These were the first computers where users interacted using keyboards and monitors. (no more punched cards). They ran on an operating system, which meant they could run several applications at once. What are some characteristics of the third generation of computers? More reliable. Smaller size. Generated less heat. Faster. Still costly. Supported high-level language. Air conditioning was required What is the 4th Generation of computers? Computer components (CPU, memory, input/output controls) were put onto a single chip. What filled a room in the 1940s now fit in the palm of the hand. One chip can house thousands of integrated circuits. This generation saw the first ever computer designed specifically for home use. Some computers: desktop, laptop, chrome book What are some characteristics of the fourth generation of computers? Very cheap. Portable and reliable. Very small size. Use of PC's in homes. Used GUI. Concept of internet was introduced. Computers became easily available. Support high level languages. What is the 5th Generation of computers? Artificial Intelligence emphasizes the creation of intelligent machines that work and react like humans. Most commonly used in video games. Have characters that react to the game player. Motherboard Main circuit board. It connects directly or indirectly to every part of the computer. Hard Drive Data center of the computer. Where the software are installed, where your documents and other files are stored. Long-term storage. RAM (Random Access Memory) Short-term memory. Where open applications are stored. Always add RAM to the slots nearest to the processor first. CPU (Centeral Processing Unit) Located on the motherboard. Sometimes called "the brain of the computer". Tells the other parts what to do. ROM (Read Only Memory) Permanent memory; you can read from it, but you cannot write to it. It holds information that is built into it. BIOS (Basic Input Out System) The bios is stored on a chip on the motherboard. The main functions are to load the operating system and manage devices (keyboard, screen, etc.) The BIOS chip wakes up the computer when you turn it on and reminds it what parts it has and what they do. OS (Operating System) a large program made up of many smaller programs that control how the CPU communicates with other hardware components. It also makes computers easier to use. Power Supply the part of the computer that powers all other parts. Ethernet Card a circuit board that can inserted in a computer that lets it perform more functions. Floppy Disk Drive reads information from a very thin disk that is inside a flat, square plastic case. You can also write information to these disks and save it. Peripheral Devices other devices that you use with your computer such as a printer, scanner, etc.