Pharmacology Final Exam (Questions and Answers Top Graded with Complete Solutions 2024)

A patient with which of the following disorders will need a lower dose of most drugs? a. Infection b. Cirrhosis c. Diabetes d. Colitis - b. cirrhosis You are administering a medication to a patient who is in pain. What is the best way to know if the medication worked? a. The patient will ask for the same medication again. b. The patient will tell you that his pain is gone. c. The doctor will tell you that you have given enough medication. d. The patient will no longer put on his call light. - b. The patient will tell you that his pain is gone. The nursing process is a way to solve problems. What step do you carry out to determine if the method you chose to solve the problem was helpful? a. Evaluation b. Assessment c. Diagnosis d. Implementation - a. Evaluation A current concern with elderly patients is the risk of increased adverse reactions and interactions when many different drugs are taken at once. This is called a. Synergism b. Tolerance c. Interdependence d. Polypharmacy - d. Polypharmacy A PRN medication order gives the nurse discretion regarding when to give the drug within the ordered parameters. Select one: True False - True What is the usual order of the nursing process? Select one: a. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation b. Diganosis, Evaluation, Assessment, Implementation, Planning c. Planning, Implementation, Diagnosis, Evaluation, Assessment d. Assessment, Evaluation, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation - a. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation The patient's family has asked the doctor to make the patient comfortable but the patient wants to stay alert. The doctor has ordered Morphine 15 mg every 3 hours prn for pain. The patient is refusing to take the drug. How can you respond to the family and demonstrate support for the patient's autonomy? Select one: a. "I appreciate your concern but your father has told me that he does not want the drug." b. "I can see that your dad is having pain; I will prepare the drug." c. "I will tell your father that you are requesting that he take his drugs for pain." d. "Your father probably doesn't know what he is saying; I will get the drug for him." - a. "I appreciate your concern but your father has told me that he does not want the drug." The nurse is gathering assessment data for a patient's drug history. The patient states "I am not able to swallow pills." This is an example of which type of data? Select one: a. Objective b. Subjective - b. Subjective Creams and ointments used for skin lesions exert primarily a(an): Select one: a. local effect. b. systemic effect. - a. local effect Morphine has a high first pass effect. What are the implications of this for a patient receiving oral morphine for pain? Select one: a. The patient will need a lower dose of oral morphine than IV morphine. b. The patient will need the same amount of IV or oral morphine. c. The patient will need a higher dose of oral morphine than IV morphine. - c. The patient will need a higher dose of oral morphine than IV morphine Once a drug is administered, it is distributed throughout the body by the: Select one: a. blood. b. liver. c. kidneys. d. GI mucosa - a. blood The nurse is preparing to give a patient amlodipine/benazepril (Lotrel) an antihypertensive medication. The patient's blood pressure has been in the 110/70 range the last 3 days which is normal. Prior to administering this medication the nurse should do which of the following? Select one: a. Check the patient's heart rate. b. Check the patient's blood pressure. c. Call the physician and inquire why the medication is being given. d. Hold the medication for further clarification. - b. Check the patient's blood pressure. Which information is most important to collect when assessing for allergies? Select one: a. The date of the last reaction. b. Whether or not the physician was contacted after the reaction. c. If there is a supply of Benadryl in the home. d. What the allergy is to and what type of reaction was experienced. - d. What the allergy is to and what type of reaction was experienced. Most drugs are excreted by which route? Select one: a. Urinary b. Bowel c. Respiratory d. Oral - a. Urinary Older adult patients often need lower drug doses. Which of the following statements best explains why this occurs? Select one: a. Older people are at risk for drug tolerance. b. Older people may have altered GI function and an inability to absorb and distribute medications. c. Older people have diminished liver and kidney function, which will slow metabolism and excretion of medications. d. Older people are at risk for polypharmacy, which can lead to dependence and addiction. - c. Older people have diminished liver and kidney function, which will slow metabolism and excretion of medications. A patient has been on bronchodilator inhalers for 10 years. Over the years, he has had to increase the dose and frequency of the inhalers to achieve the same effect. This is an example of: Select one: a. drug dependence. b. drug tolerance. c. drug abuse. d. idiosyncratic action. - b. drug tolerance A patient is malnourished with an albumin level of 2.6 (normal is 3.2-4.5 g/dl). Low serum albumin may affect the patient's medication dosage needs because: Select one: a. low serum albumin will impair liver function, thereby reducing metabolism of the drug.