Brooks Biodiversity Unit 3 Exam With Complete solutions

Brooks Biodiversity Unit 3 Exam With Complete solutions Plants Architecture - answerPlant needs i. collection & conversion of solar energy -> leaves ii. positioning & support of leaves -> stems iii. anchorage & absorption -> roots iv. transport -> vascular system Leaf Structure - answerEpidermis, Mesophyll, and Vein (Vascular Bundle) Epidermis contains what? - answer- Cuticle - Guard cells with Stomata Epidermis - answeroutermost cell layer of a plant body cutin: (wax) excreted by epidermis Cuticle - answerWaxy waterproof covering of a plant. Produced by the epidermis and has wax to resist desiccation. Guard Cells - answerResponsible for opening and closing stomata. Works together with stomata to regulate gas exchange. Prevents movement of water ACROSS surface Stomata - answerSmall openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move. Mostly on lower surfaces, sometimes on upper surfaces. Found on both surfaces. Allows for gas exchange. 2 aspects of Photosynthesis - answerlight dependent reactions light independent reactions Mesophyll contains what? - answer- Parenchyma - Dicots have Palisade & Spongy Layers Mesophyll - answerMiddle leaf structures photosynthetic layer. Parenchyma - answerGround tissue that forms the bulk of the mesophyll Can be modified into collenchyma and sclerenchyma Thin and flexible cells Most common and versatile ground tissue Used for metabolic functions and storage of organic products Palisade & Spongy layers - answerPalisade layer: where light dependent reactions occur, near the surface. Top part of the mesophyll in dicot plants. Spongy mesophyll or spongy parenchyma: soft lower layer. Has access to CO2 through stomata. Kelvin Cycle: where carbon fixation occurs, converting nonorganic CO2 into sugars. Vein (Vascular bundle) - answerTransports materials throughout the leaf and contains the xylem and phloem. Separating the VB = damage. Stem Structure - answerEpidermis, Cortex, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma, Vascular Tissues Xylem - answer(Xylem Up) Distributes water from roots throughout Aimed towards stem Red Tells age of tree Contains: tracheids & vessel members Tracheids - answerThin, hollow, narrow tube, dead cells with perforated, tapered ends. Vestigial structure First kind of tube made Present in early vascular plants and present in angiosperms and gymnosperms (slow flow) Vessel Members - answerThick, hollow, wide tube, dead cells with large holes on end. Clearly visible Phloem - answer(Phloem Down) Distributes the products of photosynthesis (sugary water) to plants tissues. Blue Contains: Sieve tube members (element) & Companion cells Sieve Tube Members - answerhollow, living cells with perforated cells Companion Cells - answerliving cells that help keep sieve tube member cells alive. Production of sugars in Kelvin Cycle require transportation done by companion cells into phloem Which 4 cell types is most active metabolically when fully functional? - answercompanion cells Epidermis in Trees - answeris replaced by bark or cork. Produced by the cork cambium (tissues that produce other tis