CALT Exam Study Guide 2024

Rhyming - One of the first phonological awareness skills to develop Blending & segmenting at syllable level - Develops at 3-4 years Segmenting phonemes - Develops at 4-5 years Isolating beginning sound in words, segmenting phonemes in CVC words - Develops in kindergarten Segmenting words with consonant blends - Develops in first grade Receptive oral language - Listening Expressive oral language - Speaking Receptive written language - Reading Expressive written language - Writing __ letters representing __ phonemes - 26, 44 5 vowel letters, __ vowel sounds - 15 Long vowels - Tense Vowels. (Beet, bait, boat, boot, bite, boy, bout) (a, e, i, o, u, oy, ou, oo) Short vowels - Lax vowels - pat, pet, pit, pot, put, putt (a, e, i ,o, u, oo) Fricatives - produced by a constant flow of air through the vocal tract (f and v) Affricates - ch/j Glides - W, y Liquids - l, r Alphabetic principle - an understanding that letters and letter patterns represent the sounds of spoken language Six syllable types - closed, open, VCe, C+le, R controlled, vowel pairs Semantics - Language content— meaning of words and the relationship between and among words Pragmatics - Language use— reasons, codes/styles, conversation rules Phonology - the study of speech sounds in language Morphology - units of meaning involved in word formation Syntax - the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language Teutonic Invasion - Shifted the balance of power in Central Europe leading up to the Christianizing of Britain Norman Conquest - Began in 1066. Led by William the Conquerer. His military victory at the Battle of Hastings led to Norman control of England. This control would influence England more with continental Europe than Scandinavian culture. Would also lead to rivalry between England and France for the next millenium. Renaissance - "rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome The Great Vowel Shift - a phonetic shift in the way that long vowels were pronounced in English Dyslexia - A specific learning disability that is neurological in origin. It is a deficit in the phonological component of language and is characterized by poor spelling and decoding abilities. Inferior frontal gyrus - Broca's area — articulation and word analysis Parieto-temporal area - Brain part responsible for word analysis Occipito-temporal region - The vision center — word form Angular gyrus - transforms visual representations into an auditory code Wernicke's area - controls language reception - a brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; in the parieto-temporal lobe Decode - Determine pronunciation of a word by breaking it down into sounds Encode - To spell