EQ1: What are the causes of globalisation and why has it accelerated in
recent decades?
3.1 Globalisation is a long-standing process which has accelerated
because of rapid developments in transport, communications and
businesses.
a. Globalisation involves widening and deepening global connections,
interdependence and flows (commodities, capital, information, migrants, and
tourists).
Globalisation- the increasing interdependence and interconnectedness of the
world’s economies, societies, and cultures.
Types of globalisation:
, Flows of globalisation:
Commodities (materials): Raw materials such as fossil fuels, food and
minerals have always been traded between countries but the trade of
manufactured goods in recent years have skyrocketed (Cheap labour-
China) e.g., in 2015 the world’s GDP was $80 trillion and flow of
commodities accounted for 1/3 of this.
Capital (money): Money is constantly passed through worldwide stock
markets where businesses can exchange currencies for profits. In 2013, an
exchange in foreign transaction was logged at $5trillion per day.
Information: Technology such as the internet has allowed us to purchase
products at the click of a button. Social networks such as Facebook with
1.5billion users in 2015 have ballooned in size.
Migrants: Many border obstacles have been removed e.g., the EU’s
“Schengen Agreement” however some countries are adopting stricter
regulations to try and limit migration after a large influx of migration.
Tourists: Budget airlines such as AirAsia have allowed people in emerging
countries to travel more. In 2014, in China there were 120million outbound
flights.
Why are some global flows viewed as a threat?
Imports of raw materials and commodities can threaten a nation’s own
industries.
Migrants can bring cultural change and religious diversity. Not everyone
welcomes this.
Information can provide citizens with knowledge that their governments
find threatening
Many examples can be found of national governments (both authoritarian
(strict) and democratic (independent) attempting to isolate or protect
themselves from global financial and trade flows, including foreign direct
investment organisations. E.g. The World Bank work hard to persuade
Connections (due to globalisation) are:
Lengthening- new links between places that are a greater distance apart.
Deepening- more people’s lives connect with far away commodities e.g.,
purchasing commodities/ cheaper travel.
Faster: faster speed of connections with people about to talk to one another in
real time or travelling quickly.
countries to take a different approach
b. Developments in transport and trade in the 19 th century (railways, telegraph,
steam-ships) accelerated in the 20th century (jet aircraft, containerisation)
contributing to a ‘shrinking world’.
Developments in travel and transport: This has rapidly advanced global
connectivity, having a huge impact on trade, tourism, and migration. This means
that there is a greater flow of goods and movement of people. The 20 th century
became a golden era for transport. Public and private transport opportunities
became available to the masses.
recent decades?
3.1 Globalisation is a long-standing process which has accelerated
because of rapid developments in transport, communications and
businesses.
a. Globalisation involves widening and deepening global connections,
interdependence and flows (commodities, capital, information, migrants, and
tourists).
Globalisation- the increasing interdependence and interconnectedness of the
world’s economies, societies, and cultures.
Types of globalisation:
, Flows of globalisation:
Commodities (materials): Raw materials such as fossil fuels, food and
minerals have always been traded between countries but the trade of
manufactured goods in recent years have skyrocketed (Cheap labour-
China) e.g., in 2015 the world’s GDP was $80 trillion and flow of
commodities accounted for 1/3 of this.
Capital (money): Money is constantly passed through worldwide stock
markets where businesses can exchange currencies for profits. In 2013, an
exchange in foreign transaction was logged at $5trillion per day.
Information: Technology such as the internet has allowed us to purchase
products at the click of a button. Social networks such as Facebook with
1.5billion users in 2015 have ballooned in size.
Migrants: Many border obstacles have been removed e.g., the EU’s
“Schengen Agreement” however some countries are adopting stricter
regulations to try and limit migration after a large influx of migration.
Tourists: Budget airlines such as AirAsia have allowed people in emerging
countries to travel more. In 2014, in China there were 120million outbound
flights.
Why are some global flows viewed as a threat?
Imports of raw materials and commodities can threaten a nation’s own
industries.
Migrants can bring cultural change and religious diversity. Not everyone
welcomes this.
Information can provide citizens with knowledge that their governments
find threatening
Many examples can be found of national governments (both authoritarian
(strict) and democratic (independent) attempting to isolate or protect
themselves from global financial and trade flows, including foreign direct
investment organisations. E.g. The World Bank work hard to persuade
Connections (due to globalisation) are:
Lengthening- new links between places that are a greater distance apart.
Deepening- more people’s lives connect with far away commodities e.g.,
purchasing commodities/ cheaper travel.
Faster: faster speed of connections with people about to talk to one another in
real time or travelling quickly.
countries to take a different approach
b. Developments in transport and trade in the 19 th century (railways, telegraph,
steam-ships) accelerated in the 20th century (jet aircraft, containerisation)
contributing to a ‘shrinking world’.
Developments in travel and transport: This has rapidly advanced global
connectivity, having a huge impact on trade, tourism, and migration. This means
that there is a greater flow of goods and movement of people. The 20 th century
became a golden era for transport. Public and private transport opportunities
became available to the masses.
