IV Therapy Exam Questions and Answers 2024

IV Therapy Exam Questions and Answers 2024 purposes of IV therapy -Answer-appropriate when a rapid effect is required because medications enter the patient's bloodstream directly by way of a vein bc they are very reliable and have more bioavailabilty; also appropriate when medications are too irritating to tissues to be given by other routes colloid fluids -Answer-fluids contain large protein &/or starch molecules, stay in intravascular spaces crystalloid fluids -Answer-fluids clear as particles are dissolved in the solution, solutions can be electrolytes, glucose, or combinations of both, may be administered through peripheral vein or central vein (PICC; CVC, implantable port) 3 types of crystalloid solutions -Answer-isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic nutrient solutions -Answer-contains some form of carbohydrate and water for calories and energy (ex 1 L of 5% dextrose, which provides 170 calories) electrolyte solutions -Answer-contains varying amounts of cations and anions; ex- NSS NaCl solution; Ringer's solution Na, Cl, K, Ca; Lactated Ringer's solution Na, Cl, K, Ca, and lactate isotonic solution -Answer-solution with the same concentration of solutes as blood plasma, remain in vascular compartment (expanding intravascular volume) Isotonic solutions are used to -Answer-replace fluid and electrolytes; ex- 0.9% NaCl (normal saline), lactated ringer's, 5% dextrose in water (D5W) hypotonic solution -Answer-solution with lesser concentration of solutes, movement of water into the cell to achieve balance -used to provide free water and treat cellular dehydration - 0.45% NaCl (half normal saline), 0.33% NaCl (onethird normal saline) -Answer- hypotonic solution hypertonic solution -Answer-solution with greater concentration of solutes than plasma; ex: 5% dextrose in normal saline (D5NSS), 5% dextrose in 0.45% NaCl (D51/2NS), 5% dextrose in lactated Ringer's (D5LR) draws fluid out of intracellular and interstitial compartments into the vascular compartment, expanding vascular volume -Answer-hypertonic solution use peripheral delivery -Answer-inserted through the skin into a peripheral vein 2 types of peripheral catheters -Answer-short peripheral catheters & midline catheters short peripheral catheter -Answer-most common catheter (venous access device); less than or equal to 7.6 cm (3 in.) in length, for superficial veins; stays in patient's vein for maximum 72 hours;can be used for continuous IV infusions or intermittent IV infusions; ex- overtheneedle catheter aka angiocaths midline peripheral catheter -Answer-7.6 to 20.3 cm (3 to 8 in.) in length; threaded in upper arm approximately 68 inches; inserted near the antecubital area into the basilic, cephalic, or brachial veins; *good for long term use central delivery usually inserted into the... -Answer-subclavian or jugular vein with catheter tip resting in superior vena cava; PICC, nontunneled percutaneous central catheters, tunneled central catheters, implanted port