Hubs 191 - module 1 Exam Questions and Answers |100% Verified and Updated

Hubs 191 - module 1 Exam Questions and Answers |100% Verified and Updated Feedback -Answer-Response to a change in the homeostatic set point Feedforward -Answer-Anticipation response to change in homeostatic set point Compact Bones -Answer-Strong bones, good at transmitting force in one direction Cancellous Bone -Answer-Light and spongy bone, shock absorbing, resists and channels forces that come from multiple directions Pectoral Girdle -Answer-Clavicle - stabilising strut Scapula - free moving, muscle attachments Pelvic Girdle -Answer-Lots of weight bearing extracellular components -Answer-organic inorganic organic bone matrix -Answer--collagen -proteoglycans inorganic bone matrix -Answer-hydroxyapatite other calcium minerals Cellular bone matrix -Answer-Osteogenic Osteoblasts Osteocytes Osteoclasts Compact (structure of bones) Macroscopically -Answer--Dense impenetrable outer surface - Foramina/holes for blood supply Compact (structure of bones) Microscopically -Answer-Made up of circumferential lamallae and units called osteons Cancellous -Answer-- Trabeculae - struts of lamella bone - marrow fills space between trabeculae - Osteocytes housed in lacuna in between lamellae/on surface Osteon -Answer-longitudinal (lengthwise) unit within compact bone. Lamellae -Answer-a series of cylinders formed of ECM around the central canal. Lacunae -Answer-lakes for osteocytes Canaliculi -Answer-channels for nutrients through ECM Function of Lamellae -Answer-- Form the shape of the osteon - Collagen fibres within lamellae resist forces Function of Osteon -Answer-provide a pathway for nutrients to get to cells in the ECM epiphysis -Answer-secondary centre for ossification Bone Growth -Answer-- enabled by epiphysis - formed of cartilage Bone growth at puberty -Answer-epiphysis begins to fuse with diaphysis Hyaline (articular) cartilage -Answer-- High water content in matrix - collagen fibres barely visible - smooth frictionless surface Function of Hyaline (articular) cartilage -Answer-- Frictionless smooth movement - Molds to surfaces of bones where they articulate - degrade with age - resists compression Fibrecartilage Function -Answer-- Resists compression and tension - Acts as a buffer/shock absorber Fibrecartilage -Answer-- Seen where compression and tension are present - deepening of articular surfaces - collagen fibres form bundles throughout matrix - Orientation of fibres aligns with stresses Ligaments -Answer-Connect bone to bone Tendons -Answer-Connect muscle to bone Fibrous joint function -Answer-limit movement, add stability cartilaginous joints function -Answer-allows some movement Structure associated with joints -Answer-- Dense fibrous conective tissue - Collagen/elastin - Fibreblasts - Some vascularity Function of structure associated with joints -Answer-Resists tension Joint classification -Answer-- fibrous - cartilaginous - synovial Structure of synovial joints -Answer-- Bone ends - Articular cartilage - Joint capsule - Joint cavit