Chapter 4
Personality and Values
Learning Objectives
1. Describe personality, the way it is measured, and the factors that shape it.
2. Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
personality framework and the Big Five model.
3. Discuss how the concepts of core self-evaluation (CSE), self-monitoring, and proactive
personality contribute to the understanding of personality.
4. Describe how personality affects job search and unemployment.
5. Describe how the situation affects whether personality predicts behavior.
6. Contrast terminal and instrumental values.
7. Describe the differences between person-job fit and person-organization fit.
8. Compare Hofstede’s five value dimensions and the GLOBE framework.
1. Describe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that
Shape It
–Personality is a dynamic concept describing the growth and development of a
person’s whole psychological system.
–The sum of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.
•Measuring Personality
–Managers need to know how to measure personality.
§ Personality tests are useful in hiring decisions and help managers forecast who is
best for a job.
–The most common means of measuring personality is through self-report surveys.
•Personality Determinants
–Is personality the result of heredity or environment?
–Heredity refers to those factors that were determined at conception.
§The heredity approach argues that the ultimate explanation of an individual’s
personality is the molecular structure of the genes, located in the chromosomes.
•Early research tried to identify and label enduring personality characteristics.
–Shy, aggressive, submissive, lazy, ambitious, loyal, and timid.
§These are personality traits.
, 2. Strengths and Weakness of the MBTI and Big Five Model
•The most widely used personality framework is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
(MBTI).
•Individuals are classified as:
–Extroverted or Introverted (E or I)
–Sensing or Intuitive (S or N)
–Thinking or Feeling (T or F)
–Perceiving or Judging (P or J)
§INTJs are visionaries.
§ESTJs are organizers.
§ENTPs are conceptualizers.
•The Big Five Model
–Extraversion
–Agreeableness
–Conscientiousness
–Emotional stability
–Openness to experience
Exhibit 4-1 Traits That Matter Most to Business Success at Buyout Companies
Most Important Less Important
Persistence Strong oral communication
Attention to detail Teamwork
Efficiency Flexibility/adaptability
Analytical skills Enthusiasm
Setting high standards Listening skills
Personality and Values
Learning Objectives
1. Describe personality, the way it is measured, and the factors that shape it.
2. Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
personality framework and the Big Five model.
3. Discuss how the concepts of core self-evaluation (CSE), self-monitoring, and proactive
personality contribute to the understanding of personality.
4. Describe how personality affects job search and unemployment.
5. Describe how the situation affects whether personality predicts behavior.
6. Contrast terminal and instrumental values.
7. Describe the differences between person-job fit and person-organization fit.
8. Compare Hofstede’s five value dimensions and the GLOBE framework.
1. Describe Personality, the Way It Is Measured, and the Factors that
Shape It
–Personality is a dynamic concept describing the growth and development of a
person’s whole psychological system.
–The sum of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.
•Measuring Personality
–Managers need to know how to measure personality.
§ Personality tests are useful in hiring decisions and help managers forecast who is
best for a job.
–The most common means of measuring personality is through self-report surveys.
•Personality Determinants
–Is personality the result of heredity or environment?
–Heredity refers to those factors that were determined at conception.
§The heredity approach argues that the ultimate explanation of an individual’s
personality is the molecular structure of the genes, located in the chromosomes.
•Early research tried to identify and label enduring personality characteristics.
–Shy, aggressive, submissive, lazy, ambitious, loyal, and timid.
§These are personality traits.
, 2. Strengths and Weakness of the MBTI and Big Five Model
•The most widely used personality framework is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
(MBTI).
•Individuals are classified as:
–Extroverted or Introverted (E or I)
–Sensing or Intuitive (S or N)
–Thinking or Feeling (T or F)
–Perceiving or Judging (P or J)
§INTJs are visionaries.
§ESTJs are organizers.
§ENTPs are conceptualizers.
•The Big Five Model
–Extraversion
–Agreeableness
–Conscientiousness
–Emotional stability
–Openness to experience
Exhibit 4-1 Traits That Matter Most to Business Success at Buyout Companies
Most Important Less Important
Persistence Strong oral communication
Attention to detail Teamwork
Efficiency Flexibility/adaptability
Analytical skills Enthusiasm
Setting high standards Listening skills
