Pathopharmacology Exam 1, 2/4/2021
A special mechanism called the ______ _______ decreases the activity of most medications
traveling through the liver. This mechanism often prevents/precludes the development and
marketing of drugs that will be taken orally - ANSfirst pass effect
The plasma drug concentration between the minimum effective concentration and the toxic
concentration is called the ___________ __________ of the drug.
A. Titration index
B. Safety index
C. Therapeutic range
D. Therapeutic efficacy - ANSC. Therapeutic range
Drug A has a longer half-life (t 1/2) than drug B. This means that the ______________ is faster.
A. metabolism of drug A
B. metabolism of drug B
C. efficacy for drug A
D. efficacy for drug B - ANSB. metabolism of drug B
What term describes how much of a drug is available to produce a biologic response?
A. Volume of distribution
B. Rate of elimination
C. Bioavailability
D. Half-life ( t1/2 - ANSC. Bioavailability
When a drug is highly bound to albumin (protein complexes), what effect does that have for the
patient?
A. Drugs bound to protein are not available for distribution to body tissues.
B. Highly bound drugs reach their target cells very quickly.
C. These drugs cross the blood-brain barrier in minutes.
D. Protein binding makes the drug more water soluble. - ANSA. Drugs bound to protein are not
available for distribution to body tissues.
Which medication delivery route undergoes the first-pass effect?
A. Rectal
B. Sublingual
C. Oral
,D. Parenteral - ANSC. Oral
After drug therapy has been discontinued, what process in the body contributes to the drug's
continuing presence for several more weeks?
A. Enterohepatic circulation
B. Integumentary elimination
C. Respiratory elimination
D. Urinary excretion - ANSA. Enterohepatic circulation
The nurse is giving a drug that is unfamiliar to him/her. The nurse checks the drug guide and
determines that the average drug dose is 100 mg per day. Which statement best explains what
this means?
A. The amount, 100 mg, will be the effective dosing for about 50% of the population.
B. The amount, 100 mg, is the normal dose and it should be given twice a day.
C. Few patients will respond to the 100 mg dose without side effects.
D. Most patient will have a reaction if given more than 100 mg/day. - ANSA. The amount, 100
mg, will be the effective dosing for about 50% of the population.
When a medication is 75% bound to protein, this means that:
A. 75% of the medication is excreted in the kidneys.
B. the medication destroys 75% of the circulating albumin in the blood.
C. only 25% of the medication is pharmacologically active.
D. 25% of the medication is metabolized by the liver. - ANSC. only 25% of the medication is
pharmacologically active.
The nurse hears in report that a patient has an idiosyncratic reaction to a medication. Which
statement best explains what happened to the client?
A. No response, good or bad, was seen 24 hours after delivery of the medication.
B. Drug-to-drug interaction occurred and less medication was needed.
C. An unpredictable and unexplained drug reaction occurred.
D. An antagonist reaction occurred at the drug-cell receptor level. - ANSC. An unpredictable and
unexplained drug reaction occurred.
Which of the following glands serves the role of post-ganglionic neuron of the sympathetic
nervous system?
A. Thyroid
B. Adrenal medulla
C. Pituitary
D. Parotid - ANSB. Adrenal medulla
, A nurse is discussing the functions of the sympathetic nervous system with a group of nursing
students. Which statement made by one of the students indicates a need for further teaching?
A. The sympathetic nervous system regulates the the digestive functions of the body.
B. The sympathetic nervous system regulates the cardiovascular system.
C. The sympathetic nervous system implements the fight-or-flight response.
D. The sympathetic nervous system regulates body temperature. - ANSA. The sympathetic
nervous system regulates the the digestive functions of the body.
Which of the following nursing actions is important before the administration of bethanechol?
A. Determine whether the patient has a history of glaucoma.
B. Determine whether the patient has received corticosteroids within the past year.
C. Determine whether the patient has asthma.
D. Determine whether the patient has a history of urinary tract infections. - ANSC. Determine
whether the patient has asthma.
A patient is being discharged home on an enteric-coated medication. Which statement made by
the patient indicates understanding of the purpose of the enteric coating?
A. "Enteric coating will allow the medication to be released a little at a time throughout the day."
B. "Enteric coating means that the medication will not be broken down by the liver."
C. "Enteric coating means that the medication can be broken down easier and eliminated by the
kidney."
D. "Enteric coating means that the acids of the gut will not destroy the medication." - ANSD.
"Enteric coating means that the acids of the gut will not destroy the medication."
A prescriber has just ordered a medication for a patient and has ordered a larger dose than is
normally indicated. The patient questions the nurse and asks why the dose is so large. The
nurse would be correct to explain that
a. the initial dose is sometimes higher to reach a therapeutic level more quickly.
b. an average effective dose is important to evaluate the response.
c. an initial dose will mean a half dose of subsequent medication.
d. all patients receive a high initial dose. - ANSa. the initial dose is sometimes higher to reach a
therapeutic level more quickly.
A nurse is trying to ensure a nursing student's understanding regarding drug interactions with
receptor binding. Which statement made by the nursing student indicates a need for further
teaching?
A. "Drugs can bind to receptors and cause activation."
B. "Drugs can bind to receptors and block receptor activation by other agents."
A special mechanism called the ______ _______ decreases the activity of most medications
traveling through the liver. This mechanism often prevents/precludes the development and
marketing of drugs that will be taken orally - ANSfirst pass effect
The plasma drug concentration between the minimum effective concentration and the toxic
concentration is called the ___________ __________ of the drug.
A. Titration index
B. Safety index
C. Therapeutic range
D. Therapeutic efficacy - ANSC. Therapeutic range
Drug A has a longer half-life (t 1/2) than drug B. This means that the ______________ is faster.
A. metabolism of drug A
B. metabolism of drug B
C. efficacy for drug A
D. efficacy for drug B - ANSB. metabolism of drug B
What term describes how much of a drug is available to produce a biologic response?
A. Volume of distribution
B. Rate of elimination
C. Bioavailability
D. Half-life ( t1/2 - ANSC. Bioavailability
When a drug is highly bound to albumin (protein complexes), what effect does that have for the
patient?
A. Drugs bound to protein are not available for distribution to body tissues.
B. Highly bound drugs reach their target cells very quickly.
C. These drugs cross the blood-brain barrier in minutes.
D. Protein binding makes the drug more water soluble. - ANSA. Drugs bound to protein are not
available for distribution to body tissues.
Which medication delivery route undergoes the first-pass effect?
A. Rectal
B. Sublingual
C. Oral
,D. Parenteral - ANSC. Oral
After drug therapy has been discontinued, what process in the body contributes to the drug's
continuing presence for several more weeks?
A. Enterohepatic circulation
B. Integumentary elimination
C. Respiratory elimination
D. Urinary excretion - ANSA. Enterohepatic circulation
The nurse is giving a drug that is unfamiliar to him/her. The nurse checks the drug guide and
determines that the average drug dose is 100 mg per day. Which statement best explains what
this means?
A. The amount, 100 mg, will be the effective dosing for about 50% of the population.
B. The amount, 100 mg, is the normal dose and it should be given twice a day.
C. Few patients will respond to the 100 mg dose without side effects.
D. Most patient will have a reaction if given more than 100 mg/day. - ANSA. The amount, 100
mg, will be the effective dosing for about 50% of the population.
When a medication is 75% bound to protein, this means that:
A. 75% of the medication is excreted in the kidneys.
B. the medication destroys 75% of the circulating albumin in the blood.
C. only 25% of the medication is pharmacologically active.
D. 25% of the medication is metabolized by the liver. - ANSC. only 25% of the medication is
pharmacologically active.
The nurse hears in report that a patient has an idiosyncratic reaction to a medication. Which
statement best explains what happened to the client?
A. No response, good or bad, was seen 24 hours after delivery of the medication.
B. Drug-to-drug interaction occurred and less medication was needed.
C. An unpredictable and unexplained drug reaction occurred.
D. An antagonist reaction occurred at the drug-cell receptor level. - ANSC. An unpredictable and
unexplained drug reaction occurred.
Which of the following glands serves the role of post-ganglionic neuron of the sympathetic
nervous system?
A. Thyroid
B. Adrenal medulla
C. Pituitary
D. Parotid - ANSB. Adrenal medulla
, A nurse is discussing the functions of the sympathetic nervous system with a group of nursing
students. Which statement made by one of the students indicates a need for further teaching?
A. The sympathetic nervous system regulates the the digestive functions of the body.
B. The sympathetic nervous system regulates the cardiovascular system.
C. The sympathetic nervous system implements the fight-or-flight response.
D. The sympathetic nervous system regulates body temperature. - ANSA. The sympathetic
nervous system regulates the the digestive functions of the body.
Which of the following nursing actions is important before the administration of bethanechol?
A. Determine whether the patient has a history of glaucoma.
B. Determine whether the patient has received corticosteroids within the past year.
C. Determine whether the patient has asthma.
D. Determine whether the patient has a history of urinary tract infections. - ANSC. Determine
whether the patient has asthma.
A patient is being discharged home on an enteric-coated medication. Which statement made by
the patient indicates understanding of the purpose of the enteric coating?
A. "Enteric coating will allow the medication to be released a little at a time throughout the day."
B. "Enteric coating means that the medication will not be broken down by the liver."
C. "Enteric coating means that the medication can be broken down easier and eliminated by the
kidney."
D. "Enteric coating means that the acids of the gut will not destroy the medication." - ANSD.
"Enteric coating means that the acids of the gut will not destroy the medication."
A prescriber has just ordered a medication for a patient and has ordered a larger dose than is
normally indicated. The patient questions the nurse and asks why the dose is so large. The
nurse would be correct to explain that
a. the initial dose is sometimes higher to reach a therapeutic level more quickly.
b. an average effective dose is important to evaluate the response.
c. an initial dose will mean a half dose of subsequent medication.
d. all patients receive a high initial dose. - ANSa. the initial dose is sometimes higher to reach a
therapeutic level more quickly.
A nurse is trying to ensure a nursing student's understanding regarding drug interactions with
receptor binding. Which statement made by the nursing student indicates a need for further
teaching?
A. "Drugs can bind to receptors and cause activation."
B. "Drugs can bind to receptors and block receptor activation by other agents."
