Data Management Foundations Latest Update Graded A+

Data Management Foundations Latest Update Graded A+ file structure the format that data is arranged and stored in a file. flat files Files having no internal hierarchy heap files Files containing an unsorted set of records that are uniquely identified by a record id which allows them to be inserted or deleted using that id. index files Files containing an unsorted set of records that are uniquely identified by a record id which allows them to be inserted or deleted using that id. hashed files Files which use a hash function to decide where a record should be placed on a disk. This allows for faster data lookup without the use of an index file. data Raw facts, or facts that have not yet been processed to reveal their meaning to the end user. information The result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning. Information consists of transformed data and facilitates decision making. knowledge The body of information and facts about a specific subject. A key characteristic is that new knowledge can be derived from old knowledge. database management A process that focuses on data collection, storage, and retrieval. Common data management functions include addition, deletion, modification, and listing. database A shared, integrated computer structure that houses a collection of related data. A database contains two types of data: end-user data (raw facts) and metadata. DBMS The collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in the database. data inconsistency A condition in which different versions of the same data yield different (inconsistent) results. query A question or task asked by an end user of a database in the form of SQL code. A specific request for data manipulation issued by the end user or the application to the DBMS. ad hoc query A "spur-of-the-moment" question. query results set The collection of data rows returned by a query. data quality A comprehensive approach to ensuring the accuracy, validity, and timeliness of data. DBMS advantages (7) - improved data sharing - improved data security - better data integration - minimized data inconsistency - improved data access - improved decision making - increased end-user productivity single vs multiuser database supports single or multiple users desktop database A single-user database that runs on a personal computer. workgroup database A multiuser database that usually supports fewer than 50 users or is used for a specific department in an organization. enterprise database The overall company data representation, which provides support for present and expected future needs. centralized vs distributed database - A database located at a single site. - A logically related database that is stored in two or more physically independent sites. cloud database A database that is created and maintained using cloud services, such as Microsoft Azure or Amazon AWS. general purpose vs discipline specific database - variety of data used in multiple disciplines. - data focused on specific subject areas. OLTP database online transaction processing AKA operational database AKA transactional database AKA production database A database designed primarily to support a company's day-to-day operations analytical database A database focused primarily on storing historical data and business metrics used for tactical or strategic decision making. data warehouse A specialized database that stores historical and aggregated data in a format optimized for decision support OLAP online analytical processing A set of tools that provide advanced data analysis for retrieving, processing, and modeling data from the data warehouse. business intellegence A set of tools and processes used to capture, collect, integrate, store, and analyze data to support business decision making. unstructured vs structured vs semistructured data - Data that exists in its original, raw state; that is, in the format in which it was collected. does not follow a data model - Data that has been formatted to facilitate storage, use, and information generation. - Data that has already been processed to some extent. XML database A database system that stores and manages semistructured XML data. NoSQL A new generation of database management systems that is not based on the traditional relational database model.