FTCE K-6 Elementary Education

FTCE K-6 Elementary Education Developmental Stages of Writing Pre-writing, drafting, revising, editing, publishing Diagnostic Assessment Standardized tests (assessments) that aim to determine a student's strengths and weaknesses Semantic Cuing System focuses on any meaning a student derives from a sentence based on prior knowledge (does this sentence make sense or not?) Editing Proofreading the draft for misspelled words, grammatical & mechanical errors. Focus is on mechanics. Publishing Sharing the final product with an audience Talking to the text Strategy known as "a think aloud" Historical Fiction Realistic stories that are set in the past Print Conveys meaning Informal Assessment Assessments include but are not limited to: cloze tests, running records, anecdotal notes, rubrics, portfolios, informal reading inventories Biography Stories that tell about a person's life Aesthetic Listening Listening that is performed for enjoyment and pleasure Partial Alphabetic Letter is associated with sound at this stage Pre-Alphabetic Relies on visual cues to help read words. Usually pre-k stage. (ex.- knowing McDonald's b/c of the golden arches) Fantasy Stories that cannot happen in the real world Fluency Ability to read quickly, accurately and with proper expression Graphophonemic Cuing System Focuses on various visual cues & knowledge about the relationship between sounds & symbols. "Does this look right?" Hint: "graphic" Primary Sources A document or piece of work that was written, recorded or created during a particular time period. Examples: photos, speeches, interviews, diaries, videos, audio Visual Media Also known as print media. Examples: video, t.v., radio Artifacts Real objects, usually representative of a particular culture or event Visual Is related to the "look" of the letter in a word and the word itself. Used by a reader when he studies the beginning sound, word length, word chunks, etc. Part of the graphophonemic cuing system. Phonological Awareness Includes ability of a student to identify & manipulate large parts of spoken language & awareness of other aspects of sound in language. Examples: alliteration, intonation, rhyming. Concepts of Print Examples of letters, words, directionality, punctuation Creative Writing Writing that uses the writer's imagination Rubric A set of scoring guidelines or criteria for evaluating student work. Often provide specific guidelines regarding teacher expectations. Errors These are tallied during a reading whenever a child does any of the following: substitutes words, omits words, inserts a word, has to be told the word. Science Fiction Stories that might happen in the future Text to world Implies that reader has made a connection from the reading to a topic or event that is taking place in the world. Poetry Writing that contains short lines, imagery, & elements of sound 3 main cuing systems Semantic, Syntactic, Graphophonemic Literary Elements Setting, characters, plot, theme, style Analogy Detailed & sometimes lengthy comparison or 2 ideas or events Text to Self This connection implies that the reader has made a connection between the reading & their personal lives Directionality Top to bottom; left to right Literature Circles A small, temporary, heterogeneous group of students that gather together to discuss a book of their choice with the goal of enhancing comprehension Prosody Ability to read with appropriate rhythm, intonation, and expression Summarizing Simply & concisely paraphrasing what has been read Components of Reading Fluency AARP; accuracy, automacity, rate, prosody Internet A communication system that connects computers & their networks all over the world Phonics The knowledge allows a reader to "decode" words by translating the letters into speech sounds Oral Language Development Use these activities to help facilitate: whole group, small group, 1:1, discussions, read alouds, echo readings, songs, nursery rhymes, role play, drama, finger plays Fluency Checks Quick assessments that focus on accuracy, rate & prosody. Meaning Part of the semantic cuing system in which a child takes her to cue to make sense or text by thinking about the story background, info from pictures, or meaning of a sentence Narrative Writing Writing that recounts a personal or fictional experience or tells a story based on a real or imagined event Realistic Fiction Stories focusing on events that could happen in the "real" world Emergent Literacy During this stage of literacy, children are exposed to the structure or syntax of language & encouraged to predict what text is about Letter formation Four basic strokes: circles, horizontal lines, vertical lines, slant lines Penmanship Refers to the quality or style of one's handwriting Emergent Literacy Defined as the skills, knowledge, and attitudes that are developmental precursors to conventional forms of reading & writing Progress Monitoring Instrument used throughout the year to show gains in reading achievement and to provide information to the teacher that will help guide instruction Anecdotal Notes Short, concise written observations made by the teacher while students work. The purpose is to observe & record information Screening Used to assess students at the beginning of the year to identify the student's reading level and capabilities Informal Reading Inventories Individual tests that genetically include lists of words or sentences & leveled reading passages with accompanying questions. These are used to identify appropriate reading levels. Graphic and Semantic Organizers Used by teachers & students to highlight BIG ideas & facilitate connections Text to Text Connection implies that reader has made a connection from the reading of one book to another book with similar style, theme or topic.