Nursing Pathophysiology Exam 1 with Answers

Pathophysiology - Answer-Study of the body's response to dysfunction Disease - Answer-Interruption, cessation or disorder of a body system Etiology - Answer-The cause of a disease Clinical manifestations - Answer-Symptoms and chief complaints Morphological changes - Answer-Structural changes that are a result of the disease process Etiological factors - Answer-Biologic agents, physical forces, chemicals, nutritional excess or deficiency, genetic factors What are the three mechanisms of cellular adaptation? - Answer-Size: atrophy and hypertrophy Number: hyperplasia Irregular shape: dysplasia (severe) and metaplasia (chronic) Intercellular accumulation - Answer-Results from normal substances, abnormal endogenous or exogenous products Dystrophic pathological calcification - Answer-In injured tissue, dead cells create calcium deposits that can cause aortic stenosis or be a result of a fracture or TB Metastatic Pathological Calcifications - Answer-Caused by an increase of serum calcium levels in non-injured tissue Blunt force injuries - Answer-Contusion, hematoma, abrasion, laceration, fractures Sharp injuries - Answer-Incised, stab, puncture, chopping wounds Chemical injuries - Answer-Lead, carbon tetrachloride, carbon monoxide, ethanol, mercury, street drugs Asphyxiation injuries - Answer-Suffocation, strangulation, drowning Hypoxic injuries - Answer-Ischemia (lack of blood flow) and anoxia (lack of oxygen) What are the different types of pathological injuries? - Answer-Blunt force, sharp, thermal, chemical, asphyxiation, infectious, hypoxic